A virtual reality intervention to increase interracial empathy and upstander behaviors in nursing leaders.

Efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in healthcare have increased, targeting healthcare worker biases with the goal of increasing inclusion of employees from racial and ethnic minoritized groups and improving care for patients from these groups. Virtual reality (VR) remains an underutilized mechanism for effecting behavior and attitude change. VR educational interventions work through two primary pathways, behavior rehearsal and embodiment.

Promoting Nursing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Through Virtual Reality Learning.

Nurse leaders are foundational to the success of creating an inclusive culture and climate and responding to situations of discrimination, racism, microaggressions, and bias in healthcare settings. This article describes a leadership education initiative using virtual reality to provide diversity, equity, and inclusion training for nurse leaders. Immersion in a lived experience provides a safe and effective learning environment to promote, improve, and exemplify diversity, equity, and inclusion principles and should be explored for other educational applications.

Lessons learned from patients' weight-related medical encounters: Results from 34 interviews.

Objectives: How to best care for larger-bodied patients is a complicated issue in modern medicine. The present study seeks to inform current medical practices to ensure the delivery of high-quality and evidence-based care through the examination of higher-weight patients' experiences with weight-related care.

Methods: Higher-weight patients (N = 34) completed semi-structured interviews about their experiences and recommendations for weight-related care.

The C2DREAM framework: Investigating the structural mechanisms undergirding racial health inequities.

Racism shapes the distribution of the social determinants of health (SDoH) along racial lines. Racism determines the environments in which people live, the quality of housing, and access to healthcare. Extensive research shows racism in its various forms negatively impacts health status, yet few studies and interventions seriously interrogate the role of racism in impacting health.

Psychological reactance, misinformation, and distrust: A mixed methods analysis of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Background: Assessing perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines is essential for understanding vaccine hesitancy and for improving uptake during public health emergencies. In the complicated landscape of COVID-19 vaccine mandates and rampant misinformation, many individuals faced challenges during vaccination decision-making. The purpose of our mixed methods study is to elucidate factors affecting vaccine decision-making and to highlight the discourse surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines in diverse and underserved communities.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Otolaryngology Office Visit and Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children with Otitis Media.

Objectives: Racial disparities are pervasive in access to pediatric surgery. The goal of this study was to test the hypotheses that, compared with White children, non-White and Hispanic children: (1) were less likely to attend evaluations by otolaryngologists after a diagnosis of otitis media (OM) eligible for surgical referral, and (2) these children were less likely to receive tympanostomy tube (TT) after surgical consultation.

Methods: The OptumLabs Data Warehouse is a de-identified claims database of privately insured enrollees.

Promoting Safe and Supportive Health Care Spaces for Youth Experiencing Racism.

Objective: This qualitative study applies a community-based participatory research approach to elicit formative data on pediatric patient experiences of racism in the health care setting and to explore clinic-based opportunities for supporting pediatric patients experiencing racism.

Methods: The study is situated within the outpatient practice of a large tertiary academic medical center in a midsize Midwestern city. Community partners were involved in all aspects of the research, including research protocol design, recruitment, data analysis, community dissemination, and manuscript preparation.

Comparisons of Explicit Weight Bias Across Common Clinical Specialties of US Resident Physicians.

Background: Patients with high body weight are persistently stigmatized in medical settings, with studies demonstrating that providers endorse negative stereotypes of, and have lower regard for, higher-weight patients. Very little is known about how this weight bias varies across specialties.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how explicit weight bias varies between resident providers among sixteen of the largest residency specialties in the USA.

Keep My Teeth: An evaluation of multi-disciplinary training in mouth care for people with intellectual developmental disorders.

Aim: To evaluate a modular didactic training intervention called Keep My Teeth designed by special care dentists, for a range of healthcare students to provide oral homecare for people with intellectual developmental disorders (PwIDD).

Methods: To evaluate the intervention a one-group pre-test post-test pre-experimental research design was utilized. The intervention was delivered by virtual platforms or face-to-face, with a sub-sample of participants also receiving practical training.

Adapting Behavioral Treatments for Primary Care Using a Theory-Based Framework: The Case of Adolescent Eating Disorders.

Evidence-based treatments have been developed for a range of pediatric mental health conditions. These interventions have proven efficacy but require trained pediatric behavioral health specialists for their administration. Unfortunately, the widespread shortage of behavioral health specialists leaves few referral options for primary care providers.

The impact of neighborhoods and friendships on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents: A report from the medical student CHANGES study.

Objective: To examine the experience of interracial anxiety among health professionals and how it may affect the quality of their interactions with patients from racially marginalized populations. We explored the influence of prior interracial exposure-specifically through childhood neighborhoods, college student bodies, and friend groups-on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents. We also examined whether levels of interracial anxiety change from medical school through residency.

Patient perceptions of body mass index restrictions limiting fertility care for women with high body mass index.

Research Question: What is the patient experience of women with high body mass index (BMI) with BMI restrictions that limit fertility care?

Design: Qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interview methodology. Interview transcripts were analysed for iterative themes in accordance with principles of grounded theory.

Results: Forty women with a BMI of 35 kg/m or higher with scheduled or completed appointment at the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) clinic completed an interview.

The Current State of Antiracism Curricula in Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education: A Qualitative Study of US Academic Health Centers.

Purpose: We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Participants were leaders of UME and GME programs at 5 institutions participating in the Academic Units for Primary Care Training and Enhancement program and 6 affiliated sites from November 2021 to April 2022.

Patient Satisfaction Scores Impact Pediatrician Practice Patterns, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout.

Patient satisfaction (PS) surveying has become a commonly used measure of physician performance, but little is known about the impact on pediatricians. To investigate our hypothesis that PS surveys negatively impact pediatricians, we conducted a survey at an academic children's medical center. Of 155 eligible physicians, 115 responded (response rate 74%).

Community engaged research to measure the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable community member's well-being and health : A mixed methods approach.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing income inequality and health disparities in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to conduct timely, community-engaged research to understand the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on historically under-resourced communities with the goal of improving health equity. The initiative focused on priorities identified by Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNA) conducted every 3 years per Federal funding requirements.

Key Stakeholder Perspectives of Community Engagement Efforts and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionally affected historically marginalized populations and their access to resources and healthcare. In times of crisis, authentic community engagement is more important than ever. This study was Phase 1 of a larger 3-phase study to conduct timely community-engaged research with community members to understand the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on historically underserved communities.

Association of Patient and System-Level Factors With Social Determinants of Health Screening.

Background: Health systems are increasingly recognizing the importance of collecting social determinants of health (SDoH) data. However, gaps remain in our understanding of facilitators or barriers to collection. To address these gaps, we evaluated a real-world implementation of a SDoH screening tool.

The effect of treatment on insight in psychotic disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: For people with a psychotic disorder lack of insight can be detrimental on their condition and recovery. For this reason, insight has been considered as a target for therapy. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on pharmacological, psychological and other treatments to test the hypothesis that these interventions could improve insight.