Targeted worker removal reveals a lack of flexibility in brood transport specialisation with no compensatory gain in efficiency.

Division of labour is widely thought to increase the task efficiency of eusocial insects. Workers can switch their task to compensate for sudden changes in demand, providing flexible task allocation. In combination with automated tracking technology, we developed a robotic system to precisely control and spatiotemporally manipulate floor temperature over days, which allowed us to predictably drive brood transport behaviour in colonies of the ant Camponotus floridanus.

Ant behavioral maturation is mediated by a stochastic transition between two fundamental states.

The remarkable ecological success of social insects is often attributed to their advanced division of labor, which is closely associated with temporal polyethism in which workers transition between different tasks as they age. Young nurses are typically found deep within the nest where they tend to the queen and the brood, whereas older foragers are found near the entrance and outside the nest. However, the individual-level maturation dynamics remain poorly understood because following individuals over relevant timescales is difficult; hence, previous experimental studies used same-age cohort designs.

Update on Current Treatment Recommendations for Primary Cutaneous Melanoma.

Primary cutaneous melanoma describes any primary melanoma lesion of the skin that does not have evidence of metastatic disease. This article reviews the current workup, treatment, and follow-up recommendations for primary cutaneous melanoma (stages 0, I, and II). Specific attention is focused on recent updates with regard to staging, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and surgical modalities.

Oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide inotocin regulates cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis and water balancing in ants.

Oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptides are important regulators of physiology and social behavior in vertebrates. However, the function of inotocin, the homologous peptide in arthropods, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the level of expression of inotocin and inotocin receptor are correlated with task allocation in the ant Both genes are up-regulated when workers age and switch tasks from nursing to foraging.

Treatment of Facial Telangiectases With Glycerin Sclerotherapy.

Background: Sclerotherapy is used to treat varicosities and telangiectases. Glycerin is a sclerosing agent that has been used off-label for years with a favorable adverse effect profile. However, the treatment of facial telangiectases with sclerotherapy is controversial given the potential for necrosis and embolization in relation to the complex vascular anatomy of the face.

Assessment of Provider Utilization Through Skin Biopsy Rates.

Background: There have been recent claims of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment in dermatology. One potential manifestation of overutilization would be providers who perform numerous biopsies per patient.

Objective: To identify the frequency of skin biopsy rate outliers.

Flexible foraging strategies in Pipistrellus pygmaeus in response to abundant but ephemeral prey.

There is growing recognition that with sympathetic management, plantation forests may contain more biodiversity than previously thought. However, the extent to which they may support bat populations is contentious. Many studies have demonstrated active avoidance of coniferous plantations and attributed this to the lack of available roost sites and low invertebrate density.

A case of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis.

Introduction: Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several solid organ malignancies. The most common cutaneous toxicities are a mild erythematous rash and pruritus, which are often attributed to infectious etiologies. However, certain clinical characteristics may favor a drug-related reaction.

Cicatricial Alopecia in Identical Twin Lumbee Native American Women.

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) has become a well-known entity occurring mainly in African-American women, but is rarely encountered in other populations. This report describes a set of identical twin Lumbee Indian women, both developing cicatricial alopecia, with one sister diagnosed with CCCA overlap with lichen planopilaris and the other with CCCA. The Lumbee Tribe is a federally recognized group of Native Americans who reside in North Carolina.

Medical Management of Facial Redness in Rosacea.

Persistent centrofacial erythema is a predominant component of rosacea. The authors review the topical and systemic treatments for rosacea-related erythema and flushing to aid in treatment decision making in clinical practice. Databases were searched for literature pertaining to treatment options for erythema related to rosacea.

A Review of the Current Modalities for the Treatment of Papulopustular Rosacea.

Papulopustular rosacea is characterized by papules and pustules in the central facial region. We review the literature surrounding the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane (Central) databases searches of articles published from 1980 to 2015 were performed using the MeSH terms or keywords "rosacea" and "clinical trial.

Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in the United States: Analysis of Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

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Superficial Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers.

Superficial radiation therapy has become more widely available to dermatologists. With the advent of more portable machines, it has become more convenient for dermatology practices to employ in an office-based setting. The goal of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into the role of superficial radiation therapy in dermatology practice and to review the current literature surrounding its use in the treatment of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Dupilumab for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A clinical trial review.

Introduction: Current treatment options for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited and have potentially dangerous side effects. Dupilumab is a novel monoclonal antibody that was recently studied in adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Dupilumab inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling and was previously found to be effective in asthma.