Minimal spanning trees at the percolation threshold: a numerical calculation.

The fractal dimension of minimal spanning trees on percolation clusters is estimated for dimensions d up to d=5. A robust analysis technique is developed for correlated data, as seen in such trees. This should be a robust method suitable for analyzing a wide array of randomly generated fractal structures.

Changes in contraction-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases in skeletal muscle after ovariectomy.

Recent evidence suggests that ovarian hormones contribute to altered function of skeletal muscle, however the signaling processes thought to regulate muscle function remain undefined in females. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to determine if ovarian hormone status is critical for contraction-induced activation of AMPK or MAPK in skeletal muscle. Female mice were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and SHAM, which were then subjected to in situ isometric contractile protocols.