Endoscopic endonasal repair of encephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus: multiinstitution confirmation of a new classification.

Objective: Encephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus are rare. Originally believed to be due to defects in a patent lateral craniopharyngeal canal (Sternberg canal), they are now thought to originate more commonly from idiopathic intracranial hypertension, not unlike encephaloceles elsewhere in the skull base. A new classification of these encephaloceles was recently introduced, which divided them in relation to the foramen rotundum.

Sleep Subdomain of the Sinonasal Outcome Test as a Potential Screening Tool for Sleep Apnea in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: Approximately 20% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with undiagnosed OSA are at high risk for perioperative complications. The Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire is commonly administered to CRS patients, whereas OSA screening tools are less routinely employed.

Postoperative diplopia after medial-inferior orbital wall decompression in patients with thyroid eye disease.

10% of patients undergoing MAI decompression for TED developed new-onset diplopia MAI decompression remains an excellent option for orbital decompression for TED.

Symptom Localization May Differentiate Subtypes of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive ability of symptom self-localization to distinguish obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction from non-obstructive salpingitis.

Methods: Adult (age ≥18 years) patients with a primary complaint of aural discomfort who underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy and tympanometry at a tertiary academic center were enrolled. Symptoms were self-localized by using a single finger on the affected side.

Decreased Complications After Total Laryngectomy Using a Clinical Care Pathway.

Complications following total laryngectomy can lead to increased hospital length of stay (LOS) and increased health care costs. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of a clinical care pathway for improving outcomes for patients following total laryngectomy. This quality improvement study included all adult patients undergoing total laryngectomy-either primary or salvage-at a tertiary referral center between January 2013 and December 2018.

Corticosteroid utilization among otolaryngologists for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections.

Purpose: To determine the effects of knowledge and practice variations on prescribing patterns of systemic corticosteroids (SC) for acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI).

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of practicing otolaryngologists in the United States through the use of a 16-question Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice survey. The survey was self-administered through email delivery to practicing members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Association of a standardized measure of nasopharyngeal inflammation with Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire score.

Background: Standardized diagnostic criteria for Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD) have not been established. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between ET inflammation and ETD symptoms and to determine the diagnostic performance of a quantitative score.

Methods: Patients were enrolled in a rhinology clinic between October 2018 and June 2019.

Interpretation of Normal and Abnormal Tympanogram Findings in Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Objective: To characterize the relationship between objective tympanogram values and patient-reported symptoms and associations with common comorbid conditions.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection.

Setting: Tertiary medical center.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission During Flexible Laryngoscopy: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reportedly infected otolaryngologists disproportionately in the early parts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Recommendations from national and international health organizations suggest minimizing the use of flexible laryngoscopy as a result.

Objective: To review evidence on the risks of aerosolization and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to health care personnel during endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Differentiation of Clinical Patterns Associated With Rhinologic Disease.

Background: Common rhinologic diagnoses have similar presentations with a varying degree of overlap. Patterns may exist within clinical data that can be useful for early diagnosis and predicting outcomes.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of artificial intelligence to differentiate patterns in patient data in order to develop clinically-meaningful diagnostic groups.

Intramuscular Corticosteroids for Acute Upper Respiratory Infections Affects Healthcare Utilization.

Objective: To examine the use of intramuscular corticosteroid (IMCS) injections for treatment of acute upper respiratory infections (URI) and the influence on healthcare utilization.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used patient encounter data from a large multicenter regional health care system between 2013 and 2017. Adult patients diagnosed with acute URI (acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, and URI not otherwise specified) during ambulatory encounters were included.

Knowledge Gaps among Patients and Providers in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To describe the level of knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) among the general population and health care providers.

Data Sources: Systematic search was performed on December 20, 2018, using MEDLINE (1966 to December 2018), EMBASE (1975 to December 2018), Web of Science (1900 to December 2018), and CENTRAL (1996 to December 2018) databases. English-language literature involving human subjects was used, and studies were limited to case series, case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trial designs.

SMARCB1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Case Report.

Introduction: To describe the current state of literature involving SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SDSC) and examine a case at our institution.

Methods: A systematic search was performed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study Design approach. Search criteria included all occurrences in the title or abstract of the terms: "integrase interactor 1 deficient," "INI1 deficient," or "SMARCB1 deficient" and "sinonasal carcinoma.

Gastroesophageal and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Associated With Laryngeal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Gastric reflux may lead to chronic mucosal inflammation and contribute to development of laryngeal malignancies, although there is controversy over this association. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess this relationship and determine the risk of laryngeal malignancy in patients with reflux disease.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from 1900 through April 9, 2018, for observational studies of adults reporting associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and/or laryngopharyngeal reflux and the risk of having or developing laryngeal malignancies.

Combat zone exposure and respiratory tract disease.

Background: The impact of deployment to combat zones on the respiratory and sinonasal health of U.S. soldiers is an emerging public health concern.

Malaria over-diagnosis in Cameroon: diagnostic accuracy of Fluorescence and Staining Technologies (FAST) Malaria Stain and LED microscopy versus Giemsa and bright field microscopy validated by polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Malaria is a major world health issue and its continued burden is due, in part, to difficulties in the diagnosis of the illness. The World Health Organization recommends confirmatory testing using microscopy-based techniques or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for all cases of suspected malaria. In regions where Plasmodium species are indigenous, there are multiple etiologies of fever leading to misdiagnoses, especially in populations where HIV is prevalent and children.