The Role of Humeral Torsion on Glenohumeral Rotation in Injured Baseball Players.

Background: Differences in rotational range of motion (ROM) compared to humeral retrotorsion (HRT)-corrected rotational ROM exist in healthy baseball athletes, but it is unclear whether these differences exist in a pathological population.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are disparities between objectively measured differences in ROM and HRT-corrected deficits in injured baseball players. It was hypothesized that disparities would exist between (1) the side-to-side difference in glenohumeral external rotation (GER) and the HRT-corrected glenohumeral external rotation deficit (GERD) and (2) the side-to-side difference in glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR) and the HRT-corrected glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD).

A narrative review of little league shoulder: proximal humeral physis widening is only one piece of the puzzle, it is time to consider posterior glenoid dysplasia.

Baseball athletes across all levels of play are at an increased risk for upper extremity injury due to the supraphysiologic demands on the shoulder and elbow during overhead throwing. Little league baseball players present with a unique subset of injuries that can affect the growth plate, commonly at the shoulder or the elbow. Ascertaining a diagnosis and plan of care for little league shoulder (LLS) historically focuses on the proximal humeral physis in skeletally immature throwing athletes presenting with shoulder pain.

Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Profiles in Tennis Players: A Systematic Review.

Context: Tennis-specific musculoskeletal (MSK) screening can assess range of motion (ROM) and muscular imbalances. Identifying normative values before implementing a MSK screen is essential in contributing to athlete performance and injury risk profiles.

Objective: To review upper extremity MSK data in healthy tennis players across age, sex, and level of play.

Return to Sport and Clinical Outcomes Following Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation in Baseball Players and Gymnasts With Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a condition occurring at the elbow and often seen in both baseball players and gymnasts due to the repetitive loading of the radiocapitellar joint. Treatment options for OCD vary and are dependent on lesion presentation, elbow motion, and growth plate maturity. OCD lesions categorized as unstable can be treated with an osteochondral autograft transplantation surgery (OATS).

Differences in Shoulder Internal Rotation Strength Between Baseball Players With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction and Healthy Controls.

Background: Studies have indicated decreased shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in the throwing limb of baseball players after ulnar collateral ligament injury. There is limited evidence on the recovery of shoulder rotation strength after primary ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR).

Hypothesis: At the time of return to throwing, baseball players who underwent UCLR would demonstrate decreased IR and ER shoulder strength in the throwing arm as compared with healthy baseball players.

Effect of Younger Starting Pitching Age on Humeral Retrotorsion in Baseball Pitchers With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury.

Background: Increased humeral retrotorsion (HRT) has been found to be a risk factor for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in baseball players. Recent work has demonstrated the age of 11 years as a potential watershed age for HRT development.

Hypothesis: In a group of baseball pitchers with UCL injuries, athletes who started pitching before the age of 10 years will demonstrate significantly more dominant limb humeral retrotorsion (DHRT) when compared with a group of baseball pitchers who reported starting pitching at 10 years or older.