The Effect of Overweight/Obesity on Cutaneous Microvascular Reactivity as Measured by Laser-Doppler Fluxmetry: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: We sought to determine by systematic review the independent effect of overweight/obesity on cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults as measured by laser-Doppler fluxmetry.

Methods: CINAHL Complete, SPORTSDiscus, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched until March 2024 to identify studies investigating cutaneous microvascular reactivity in an overweight/obese but otherwise healthy group versus a lean/healthy weight. Reporting is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

The relationship between Foot Posture Index and plantar pressure in a community-dwelling adult population with Type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the contribution of foot type to plantar pressures in a community-dwelling adult population with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) as a measure of foot type, barefoot plantar pressure (peak pressures and pressure-time integrals), presence of forefoot deformities, peripheral neuropathy, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and demographic variables were measured. Standard multiple regression models were used to investigate the independent contribution of FPI-6 on plantar pressure variables at the hallux, forefoot, and rearfoot.

Relationship Between Diabetes-Related Large-Fiber Neuropathy and Dorsiflexion Range of Motion at the Ankle and First Metatarsophalangeal Joints.

Background: Diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and limited joint mobility of the foot and ankle are implicated in the development of increased plantar pressures and diabetes-related foot ulcers. The extent of this relationship has not been conclusively established. We aimed to determine the relationship between ankle joint and first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion range of motion and DPN using a cross-sectional observational study design.

The Use of mHealth Apps for the Assessment and Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Health Outcomes: Systematic Review.

Background: Globally, diabetes affects approximately 500 million people and is predicted to affect up to 700 million people by 2045. In Australia, the ongoing impact of colonization produces inequity in health care delivery and inequality in health care outcomes for First Nations Peoples, with diabetes rates 4 times those of non-Indigenous Australians. Evidence-based clinical practice has been shown to reduce complications of diabetes-related foot disease, including ulceration and amputation, by 50%.

A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of foot orthoses for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Objectives: The primary aim was to investigate the effect of prefabricated foot orthoses on pain and function in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Secondary aims were to report on the recruitment rate, adherence to and safety of these interventions, and the relationship between physical activity and pain and function.

Design: A two-arm parallel group (intervention vs.

Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Females with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 25-50% greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with males. While aerobic exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes, there is limited sex-segregated evidence on the feasibility of aerobic training in adults with T2D. A secondary analysis of a 12-week randomized controlled trial examining aerobic training in inactive adults with T2D was conducted.

The Efficacy of Exercise Training for Cutaneous Microvascular Reactivity in the Foot in People with Diabetes and Obesity: Secondary Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

It is unclear if cutaneous microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity can be ameliorated with exercise. We investigated the effect of 12-weeks of exercise training on cutaneous microvascular reactivity in the foot. Thirty-three inactive adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity (55% male, 56.

The relationship between foot and ankle joint flexibility measures and barefoot plantar pressures in healthy older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Restriction in foot and ankle joint range of motion, such as an ankle equinus, has been associated with increased plantar pressure and its complications. However, previous research is limited by its scope of measures and study populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foot and ankle joint range of motion on barefoot plantar pressures during walking in healthy older adults.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples' perceptions of foot and lower limb health: a systematic review.

Background: Ongoing colonisation produces inequity in healthcare delivery and inequality in healthcare outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. As a consequence, within the domain of lower limb health, foot disease has severe impacts for First Nations Peoples. Central to developing culturally safe healthcare and driving positive foot health change for First Nations Peoples, is the need for health professionals to develop understanding of First Nations perspectives of foot health.

Yarning about foot care: evaluation of a foot care service for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples have high rates of diabetes-related foot disease including foot ulcer and amputation. There has been limited evaluation of foot care services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. This project aimed to evaluate an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander foot care service (the Buridja Clinic) for prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease embedded in a university podiatry program from a Community perspective using culturally appropriate methods.

Cutaneous microvascular reactivity in Charcot neuroarthropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To systematically evaluate the literature investigating the relationship between cutaneous microvascular reactivity in the foot of adults with diabetes-related Charcot neuroarthropathy compared to a non-Charcot adult control group.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted to June 2021 using the biomedical databases EBSCO Megafile Ultimate, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Original research conducting comparative investigation of cutaneous microvascular reactivity in the foot of adults with diabetes and any pattern of acute or chronic Charcot neuroarthropathy and any non-Charcot adult control groups were included.

Reliability of recommended non-invasive chairside screening tests for diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

The objective is to determine, by systematic review, the reliability of testing methods for diagnosis of diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as recommended by the most recent guidelines from the International Diabetes Foundation, International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot and American Diabetes Association. Electronic searches of Cochrane Library, EBSCO Megafile Ultimate and EMBASE were performed to May 2021. Articles were included if they reported on the reliability of recommended chairside tests in diabetes cohorts.

Clinical foot measurements as a proxy for plantar pressure testing in people with diabetes.

Background: High plantar pressures are associated with increased foot ulcer risk in people with diabetes. Identification of high plantar pressures in people with diabetes is clinically challenging due to time and cost constraints of plantar pressure testing. Factors affecting foot biomechanics, including reduced joint range of motion and foot deformity, are implicated in the development of high plantar pressures and may provide a method to clinically identify those at risk of pressure related complications.

The association between cardiorespiratory fitness, liver fat and insulin resistance in adults with or without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) often coincide with improvements in insulin sensitivity and reductions in liver fat content. However, there are limited data concerning the relationship between CRF and liver fat content in adults with varying degrees of metabolic dysfunction.

Methods: The aim of this study was to examine the association between CRF, liver fat content, and insulin resistance in inactive adults with obesity and with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D), via cross-sectional analysis.

Does a weight bearing equinus affect plantar pressure differently in older people with and without diabetes? A case control study.

Background: A weight bearing ankle equinus has adverse effects on forefoot plantar pressure variables in older adults with diabetes, but it is unclear if this is also the case in older adults without diabetes.

Methods: 40 older adults with diabetes (88% type 2, mean diabetes duration 17.6 ± 14.

Degree of adiposity and obesity severity is associated with cutaneous microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Backgrounds And Aims: Obesity and diabetes independently contribute to cutaneous microvascular dysfunction via pathological processes that are not fully understood. We sought to determine if obesity severity is associated with cutaneous microvascular dysfunction and measures of peripheral arterial disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in cross-sectional observational study design.

Methods And Results: Primary outcomes were post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia as determined by laser-Doppler fluxmetry (peak flux post-occlusion, time to peak flux post-occlusion, peak as a percentage of baseline, and area under the curve [AuC] index post-occlusion to pre-occlusion).

The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a time-efficient strategy that leads to similar or superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors when compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Our study investigated the effect of low-volume HIIT or MICT versus sham placebo-control (PLA) on central arterial stiffness, hemodynamic responses, and CVD risk factors in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Eligible participants were previously inactive adults with obesity and T2D.

The ankle brachial index in people with and without diabetes: intra-tester reliability.

Background: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is widely used for determining the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and current guidelines suggest it should be used to monitor possible progression in affected individuals. It is therefore important that the technique demonstrates adequate reliability for repeated measurements. Existing studies suggest that the ABI is reliable in the general population however, there is a lack of evidence for the reliability of the ABI in people with diabetes.

Accurate Noninvasive Arterial Assessment of the Wounded Lower Limb: A Clinical Challenge for Wound Practitioners.

Arterial investigations are an essential part of lower extremity wound assessment. The results of these investigations assist the wound clinician to determine the etiology of the wound, predict healing capacity, and inform further management. There are a number of noninvasive testing methods available to practitioners, all with varying levels of reliability and accuracy.

Non-invasive assessment of vibration perception and protective sensation in people with diabetes mellitus: inter- and intra-rater reliability.

Background: Testing of protective sensation and vibration perception are two of the most commonly used non-invasive methods of screening for diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, there is limited research investigating the reliability of these tests in people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-rater reliability of methods used to test vibration perception and protective sensation in a community-based population of adults with type 2 diabetes.

The reliability of the ankle brachial index: a systematic review.

Background: The ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely used in clinical practice as a non-invasive method to detect the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Current guidelines suggest that it should be used to monitor potential progression of PAD in affected individuals. As such, it is important that the test is reliable when used for repeated measurements, by the same or different health practitioners.

How does a short period of exercise effect toe pressures and toe-brachial indices? A cross-sectional exploratory study.

Background: Whilst post exercise ankle-brachial indices (ABI) are commonly used to help identify peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the role of post exercise toe pressures (TP) or toe-brachial indices (TBI) is unclear The aim of this study was to determine, in a population without clinical signs of PAD, the effect that 30 s of weight-bearing heel raises has on TP and TBI values. Additionally, the ability of resting TP and TBI values to predict change in post-exercise values using the heel raise method was investigated.

Methods: Participants over the age of 18 with a resting TBI of ≥0.

Post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia of skin microvasculature and foot complications in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Diabetes-related microvascular disease has been implicated in the development of foot ulceration and amputation. Assessment of microvascular function may be effective in identifying those at risk of diabetic foot complications. We investigated the relationship between active or previous foot complication and post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) measured by laser-Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Non-invasive lower limb small arterial measures co-segregate strongly with foot complications in people with diabetes.

Aims: It is unclear how well non-invasive lower-limb vascular assessments can identify those at risk of foot complications in people with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between a history of foot complication (ulceration or amputation) and non-invasive vascular assessments in people with diabetes.

Methods: Bilateral ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe brachial index (TBI) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) were performed in 127 adults with diabetes (97% type 2; age 66.

The effect of exercise training on cutaneous microvascular reactivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to review the efficacy of exercise training for improving cutaneous microvascular reactivity in response to local stimulus in human adults.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Cinahl, AMED, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was conducted up to June 2015.