Evaluation of peer recovery services for substance use disorder in Minnesota: Impact of peer recovery initiation on SUD treatment and recovery.

Substance use disorder (SUD) remains one of the most persistent public health challenges across the nation and in Minnesota. One intervention to help people with SUD is peer recovery services (PRS). PRS is a form on non-clinical support where trained individuals who are more established in recovery come alongside people currently in the recovery journey and provide guidance in the treatment process, help in accessing resources, and offer an empathetic ear.

Association of Project ECHO Training With Buprenorphine Prescribing by Primary Care Clinicians in Minnesota for Treating Opioid Use Disorder.

Importance: Buprenorphine is an approved medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD); however, prescribing buprenorphine is limited by a requirement to obtain a waiver to prescribe it (hereinafter, "DATA [Drug Abuse Treatment Act]-waiver") and a lack of knowledge of the best practices among clinicians.

Objective: To examine how Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) telementoring is associated with changes in DATA-waiver attainment and buprenorphine prescribing among primary care clinicians in Minnesota.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective matched-cohort study of 918 clinicians, ECHO-trained clinicians were enrolled on the date they first attended ECHO (January 3, 2018, to June 11, 2020); comparison clinicians were assigned an enrollment date from the distribution of the first ECHO sessions.

Control strategies for rapid, visually guided adjustments of the foot during continuous walking.

When walking over stable, complex terrain, visual information about an upcoming foothold is primarily utilized during the preceding step to organize a nearly ballistic forward movement of the body. However, it is often necessary to respond to changes in the position of an intended foothold that occur around step initiation. Although humans are capable of rapidly adjusting foot trajectory mid-swing in response to a perturbation of target position, such movements may disrupt the efficiency and stability of the gait cycle.

The pickup of visual information about size and location during approach to an obstacle.

The present study investigated differences in the pickup of information about the size and location of an obstacle in the path of locomotion. The main hypothesis was that information about obstacle location is most useful when it is sampled at a specific time during the approach phase, whereas information about obstacle size can be sampled at any point during the last few steps. Subjects approached and stepped over obstacles in a virtual environment viewed through a head-mounted display.

Visual regulation of gait: Zeroing in on a solution to the complex terrain problem.

We examine the theoretical understanding of visual gait regulation that has emerged from decades of research since the publication of Lee, Lishman, and Thompson's (1982) classic study of elite long jumpers. The first round of research identified specific informational variables, parameters of the action system, and laws of control that capture the coupling of perception and action in this context, but left unanswered important questions about why visual information is sampled in an intermittent manner and how the strategies that actors adopt ensure stability and energetic efficiency. More recent developments lead to a refined view according to which visual information is used at a specific phase of the gait cycle to modify the parameters that govern the passive dynamics of the body.

The critical phase for visual control of human walking over complex terrain.

To walk efficiently over complex terrain, humans must use vision to tailor their gait to the upcoming ground surface without interfering with the exploitation of passive mechanical forces. We propose that walkers use visual information to initialize the mechanical state of the body before the beginning of each step so the resulting ballistic trajectory of the walker's center-of-mass will facilitate stepping on target footholds. Using a precision stepping task and synchronizing target visibility to the gait cycle, we empirically validated two predictions derived from this strategy: (1) Walkers must have information about upcoming footholds during the second half of the preceding step, and (2) foot placement is guided by information about the position of the target foothold relative to the preceding base of support.

The biomechanics of walking shape the use of visual information during locomotion over complex terrain.

The aim of this study was to examine how visual information is used to control stepping during locomotion over terrain that demands precision in the placement of the feet. More specifically, we sought to determine the point in the gait cycle at which visual information about a target is no longer needed to guide accurate foot placement. Subjects walked along a path while stepping as accurately as possible on a series of small, irregularly spaced target footholds.