Randomized Open Investigation Determining Steroid Dose in Severe COVID-19: The ROIDS-Dose Clinical Trial.

Introduction Treatment with dexamethasone reduces mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen, but the optimal dose has not been determined. Objective To determine whether weight-based dexamethasone of 0.2 mg/kg is superior to 6 mg daily in reducing 28-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.

Crohn's Disease Activity Quantified by Iodine Density Obtained From Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Enterography.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess if bowel wall iodine density obtained from dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography enterography (DECTE) could be a biomarker of Crohn's disease activity.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with Crohn's disease imaged with DECTE from February 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively identified by departmental report search. Iodine maps were created with commercial software (Syngovia).

Hyperinfection and Concomitant Gastroenteritis in an Immunocompromised Host.

infection typically presents with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and no definitive or pathognomonic endoscopic findings. Disease burden can vary depending on a patient's immune status. Immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis can develop tremendous disease burden, extraintestinal dissemination, and are at risk for coinfection with other organisms.

Outcomes and Management of the Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in the Elderly.

Purpose Of Review: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred surgical treatment for patients undergoing colectomy to maintain intestinal continuity. Earlier studies have suggested that outcomes are worse in elderly patients who underwent IPAA. However, more recent reports have shown that IPAA outcomes in the elderly are comparable to younger patients.

A Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of Topical Anesthesia for Pain Reduction during Frame Placement for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

Background/aims: Frame application for gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) may be perceived as painful by patients. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.

Role of NMDA, opioid and dopamine D1 and D2 receptor signaling in the acquisition of a quinine-conditioned flavor avoidance in rats.

A conditioned flavor preference (CFP) can be produced by pairing a flavor (conditioned stimulus, CS+) with the sweet taste of fructose. Systemic dopamine (DA) D1, D2 and NMDA, but not opioid, receptor antagonists significantly reduce the acquisition of the fructose-CFP. A conditioned flavor avoidance (CFA) can be produced by pairing a CS+flavor with the bitter taste of quinine.

Effect of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonism in the lateral hypothalamus on the expression and acquisition of fructose-conditioned flavor preference in rats.

The attraction to sugar-rich foods is influenced by conditioned flavor preferences (CFP) produced by the sweet taste of sugar (flavor-flavor learning) and the sugar's post-oral actions (flavor-nutrient) learning. Brain dopamine (DA) circuits are involved in both types of flavor learning, but to different degrees. This study investigated the role of DA receptors in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) on the flavor-flavor learning produced the sweet taste of fructose.