Product labeling accuracy and contamination analysis of commercially available cannabidiol product samples.

Commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products are increasingly being used for medicinal purposes, including for the treatment of various neurological conditions, but there are growing concerns around adherence to quality control measures that protect consumers. This study was conducted to assess the purity and label accuracy of commercially available CBD products. Commercially available CBD products were chosen from the open stream of commerce in the United States based on formulations as a tincture, gummy, vape, or topical product.

Repeated toluene exposure leads to neuroadaptation in dopamine release mechanisms within the nucleus accumbens core.

Background: Intentionally inhaling volatile organic solvent like toluene for its intoxicating effects continues to be a public health concern. While repeated abuse of toluene has deleterious behavioral and health effects, little is known about the actions of toluene on the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system within the central nervous system.

Method: The present study employed complementary neurochemical techniques of slice fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and in vivo microdialysis, to assess dopamine (DA) dynamics immediately after repeated exposure to 2000- or 4000-ppm toluene.

Lead and cadmium contamination in a large sample of United States infant formulas and baby foods.

Data is limited on lead and cadmium contamination in baby food, a population uniquely susceptible to the toxic effects of heavy metals. The goal of this study was to examine lead and cadmium concentrations in a large convenience sample of US baby foods. We identified the number of baby food product samples that exceeded US FDA and California Proposition 65 limits for daily lead consumption across a range of servings/calories, and the number of samples that exceeded World Health Organization and California Proposition 65 limits for daily cadmium consumption across a range of servings/calories.

Abstinence following toluene exposure increases anxiety-like behavior in mice.

The intentional misuse of volatile solvents like toluene is a persistent public health concern. Limited clinical data suggest that chronic inhalant abusers may experience signs of withdrawal, including anxiety. Behavioral withdrawal from toluene has not been examined in a preclinical model.

Molecular, Behavioral, and Physiological Consequences of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity: Implications for Treatment.

Understanding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity of high-dose methamphetamine (METH) and related clinical manifestations is imperative for providing more effective treatments for human METH users. This article provides an overview of clinical manifestations of METH neurotoxicity to the central nervous system and neurobiology underlying the consequences of administration of neurotoxic METH doses, and discusses implications of METH neurotoxicity for treatment of human abusers of the drug.

Toluene's effects on activity and extracellular dopamine in the mouse are altered by GABA antagonism.

The abuse of inhalants like toluene continues to be widespread around the world, especially among children and teenagers. Despite its frequency of misuse, the dynamics between dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in response to toluene exposure remains unclear. To further decipher toluene's actions, we used a dynamic exposure system in combination with microdialysis to examine in vivo the effects of acutely inhaled toluene on DA release within the mouse caudate putamen (CPu).

Cranial irradiation significantly reduces beta amyloid plaques in the brain and improves cognition in a murine model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Background And Purpose: To investigate if cranial X-irradiation reduces amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and influences cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of AD.

Methods And Materials: B6.Cg-Tg (APPswePSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J AD-prone mice were given cranial X-irradiation.