A comparison of American and English hospital discharge rates for pediatric bipolar disorder, 2000 to 2010.

Objective: Controversy exists over the diagnosis and prevalence of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Although several small surveys suggest that the rate of the PBD diagnosis in clinical settings is higher in the United States than in other countries, no comprehensive cross-national comparisons of clinical practice have been performed. Here, we used longitudinal national datasets from 2000 to 2010 to compare US and English hospital discharge rates for PBD in patients aged 1 to 19 years.

Increase in emergency admissions to hospital for children aged under 15 in England, 1999-2010: national database analysis.

Objective: To investigate a reported rise in the emergency hospital admission of children in England for conditions usually managed in the community.

Setting And Design: Population-based study of hospital admission rates for children aged under 15, based on analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics and population estimates for England, 1999-2010.

Main Outcome: Trends in rates of emergency admission to hospital.

Sex ratio of infectious mononucleosis and possible relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is associated with the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Using databases of hospital admissions for England (1999-2005), we investigated the female-to-male ratios (FMRs) for admission to hospital for IM and MS stratified by age. Males were more frequently admitted for IM for all age groups apart from ages 10-14 (FMR 1.

Cancer of the body of the uterus: trends in mortality and incidence in England, 1985-2008.

Objective: To report on trends in mortality and incidence for uterine cancer in England, 1985-2008.

Design: Database analysis.

Setting: England.

Geography of hospital admissions for multiple sclerosis in England and comparison with the geography of hospital admissions for infectious mononucleosis: a descriptive study.

Objective: It is well recognised that variation in the geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) exists. Early studies in England have shown the disease to have been more common in the North than the South. However, this could be an artefact of inaccurate diagnosis and ascertainment, and recent data on MS prevalence are lacking.

Adolescent inpatient psychiatric admission rates and subsequent one-year mortality in England: 1998-2004.

Background: Adolescence is a time of very rapid change not only in physical but also psychological development. During the teenage years there is a reported rise in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate age- and sex-specific National Health Service (NHS) hospital inpatient admission rates for psychiatric conditions in adolescents in England, and to examine their mortality within one year of discharge.

Liver cirrhosis, other liver diseases, pancreatitis and subsequent cancer: record linkage study.

Objective: To determine the risk of cancer in cohorts of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, other alcoholic liver diseases, other and unspecified cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis compared with the risk in a control cohort.

Methods: Analysis of statistical database of linked hospital and mortality data in an area in southern England.

Results: Compared with the control cohort, rate ratios were elevated for cancer overall and were particularly high for liver cancer in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (rate ratio for cancer overall 2.

Cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and coeliac disease: record linkage study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the risk of cancers in cohorts of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or coeliac disease, compared with the risk in a control cohort.

Method: The method used was the analysis of a linked statistical database of hospital and mortality data in an area in southern England.

Results: Rate ratios for cancer (excluding cases occurring within the first year of follow-up), compared with the value of 1 in the control cohort, were 1.

Cancer in people with depression or anxiety: record-linkage study.

Background: It has been suggested that the risk of cancer may be higher in people with psychological disorders, like depression and anxiety, than in the general population.

Aims: To determine cancer risk in cohorts of people with depression or anxiety, compared with that in a control cohort.

Method: Analysis of linked statistical records of hospital admission and mortality.

Differences between women and men in surgical treatment and case fatality rates for ruptured aortic abdominal aneurysm in England.

Background: Differences between women and men in treatment and outcome after admission with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in England were studied.

Methods: Routinely collected data in Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to death records, for emergency admissions for ruptured AAA in England were analysed. The percentage of patients who underwent surgical repair was calculated, together with 30-day case fatality rates and age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), comparing women with men.

Immune-related disease before and after vasectomy: an epidemiological database study.

Background: Vasectomy can be followed by an autoimmune-antibody response. We aimed to determine whether men with immune-related diseases were more or less likely than others to have a vasectomy and then to determine whether vasectomy is associated with the subsequent development of immune-related diseases.

Methods: A database of linked records of hospital statistics was analysed.

Self-harm and depression in women with urinary incontinence: a record-linkage study.

Objective: To investigate the association between self-harm and urinary incontinence (UI), and between depression and UI, in women.

Patients And Methods: The incidence of self-harm in women with UI is not well documented. We analysed a statistical database that includes hospital contact data for UI and for self-harm and depression.

Changes to the daily pattern of methadone-related deaths in England and Wales, 1993-2003.

Previous studies suggest that fatal poisoning deaths involving methadone occur more frequently on the weekends. We assessed changes in the daily pattern of mortality because of methadone poisoning following a review of drug misuse services in 1996 and publication of revised clinical guidelines in 1999. We also compared this to the daily pattern of deaths involving heroin/morphine.

Impact of socio-economic deprivation on death rates after surgery for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.

We hypothesised that socio-economic deprivation in England may be a prognostic factor for death after oesophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. We analysed statistical data from hospital records linked to death records for patients who underwent operations for oesophageal and gastric cancer in England from April 1998 to March 2002. The patients were stratified into quintiles according to the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) (2000) for their place (ward) of residence.

Pregnancy outcome among twins conceived after subfertility treatment compared with natural twins: A population-based study.

Pregnancy outcome and characteristics of women who conceive following subfertility treatment remains a subject of great interest. We analyzed these variables among 199 women who delivered a registerable twin birth compared with 1773 women who delivered a naturally conceived twin birth in a population-based obstetric cohort drawn from around Oxford, England. Treatment was restricted to conceptions involving simple ovulation induction only.

Risk of multiple sclerosis after head injury: record linkage study.

Background: The possibility that head injury may influence the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been studied inconclusively in the past.

Objective: To determine whether head injury is associated with an increased risk of MS.

Method: Analysis of database of linked hospital and death records, comparing the occurrence of MS in a cohort of people admitted to hospital with head injury and a reference cohort.

Cancer and cardiovascular disease after vasectomy: an epidemiological database study.

Objective: To determine whether vasectomy is associated with an increased long-term risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease.

Design: Analysis of database of linked statistical records of hospital admissions and deaths.

Setting: Health region in southern England.

Hospital admission for selected single virus infections prior to diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To determine whether hospital admission for a range of specified virus infections was followed by a raised admission rate for diabetes mellitus; and, if raised, whether the increase is compatible with the hypothesis that virus infection is a cause of diabetes.

Methods: Analysis of a database of hospital statistics including admissions for people with diabetes mellitus before the age of 30 years.

Results: There was no evidence of excess risk of diabetes after measles, mumps, rubella, infectious mononucleosis, influenza, infectious hepatitis, varicella and herpes zoster, herpes simplex, aseptic meningitis or bronchiolitis.

Cancer following hip and knee arthroplasty: record linkage study.

Concerns have been raised that degradation of implants used in hip and knee arthroplasty may lead to an increased risk of some cancers, particularly those of the haematopoietic, lymphatic and urinary systems. We used linked statistical records of hospital admissions and deaths to compare cancer rates in cohorts of people who had undergone hip or knee arthroplasty with a comparison cohort. We did not find an elevated risk for cancer, overall, in either the hip or knee cohort or in both combined (rate ratio for both combined 0.

Cancer after cholecystectomy: record-linkage cohort study.

We investigated whether cholecystectomy is associated with subsequent cancer and, if so, whether the association is likely to be causal, by undertaking a retrospective cohort study using linked medical statistics, comprising a cholecystectomy group (n=39 254) and a reference cohort admitted for a range of other medical and surgical conditions (n=334 813). We found a short-term significant elevation of rates of cancers of the colon, pancreas, liver, and stomach after cholecystectomy, but no long-term elevation. Excluding colon cancers within 2 years of admission to hospital, the rate ratio for colon cancer after cholecystectomy, compared with the reference cohort, was 1.

Multiple sclerosis after infectious mononucleosis: record linkage study.

Objective: To ascertain if infectious mononucleosis is a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS); and, if it is, whether its effect is close to or remote in time from the onset of MS.

Design: Analysis of database of linked abstracts of records of hospital admission and death.

Setting: Health region in central southern England.

Established and emerging coronary risk factors in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Objectives: To assess the clinical and biochemical factors associated with inter-individual variation in susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Design: A cross sectional study was conducted of 410 patients recruited from six lipid clinics in the UK.

Results: CAD was documented in 104 of the 211 men and in 55 of the 199 women with mean ages of onset of 43.

Cancers and immune related diseases associated with Down's syndrome: a record linkage study.

Objective: To determine the risk of cancers and selected immune related diseases in people with Down's syndrome, relative to risk in other people.

Design: Cohort analysis of a linked dataset of abstracts of hospital and death records; results expressed as the ratios of rates of disease in people with and without Down's syndrome.

Setting: The former Oxford health region, England, 1963-1999.