Angiocentric primary cutaneous T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoma, which is characterized histologically by a small number of neoplastic B cells surrounded by large numbers of nonneoplastic T cells. Diagnosis is frequently difficult because the neoplastic 'B-cell population may be quite sparse, and immunohistochemical and molecular analysis to identify the B-cell origin and clonality of the cells is necessary.

Methods: In this report we present an additional case of primary cutaneous TCRBCL with immunohistochemical and gene rearrangement studies and review the literature of this unusual entity.

Dysplastic nevi and the dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Patients with all the clinical features of FDNS but no family history of multiple abnormal nevi or melanoma can be compared with patients with neurofibromatosis due to a spontaneous mutation of the gene in utero. Whether or not such patients are in fact genetically identical to patients with FDNS and share their high risk of malignant melanoma remains to be determined. An isolated dysplastic nevus alone is not an adequate definition of SDNS, because current data are insufficient to show that its presence correlates with a uniquely high risk of melanoma when compared with other known risk factors.

Diminished glucose transport in Alzheimer's disease: dynamic PET studies.

Dynamic positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose was used in six patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seven healthy age-matched control subjects to estimate the kinetic parameters K1*, k2*, and k3* that describe glucose transport and phosphorylation. A high-resolution tomograph was used to acquire brain uptake data in one tomographic plane, and a radial artery catheter connected to a plastic scintillator was used to acquire arterial input data. A nonlinear iterative least-squares fitting procedure that included terms for the vascular fraction and time delay to the peripheral sampling site was used to fit a three-compartment model to the brain data.

Alzheimer's disease. Age at onset and single-photon emission computed tomographic patterns of regional cerebral blood flow.

We performed this study to determine whether early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease differ physiologically. Ten patients with a presenile (before 65 years old) onset of the disease and 16 with senile onset of the disease were evaluated clinically and neuropsychologically and studied with single photon emission computed tomography using the blood flow tracer [123I]N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine. Although the presenile subjects had more severe neuropsychological abnormalities in all realms of cognitive function, including language, and showed greater reductions in regional blood flow than the older patients, they were also more severely demented, thus complicating interpretation of the results.

Mental status as a predictor of daily function in progressive dementia.

To evaluate a standardized mental status exam's ability to predict activities of daily living (ADLs), Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores and ADL scores were obtained from 59 patients with progressive dementias of widely varying severity but with no other psychiatric disorders or major medical problems. The MMSE scores explained only about one-third of the variance in both instrumental ADLs and physical ADLs in the whole sample, and the MMSE and ADLs were independent of one another in the less demented half of the sample. This suggests that cognitive losses and functional impairments are two distinct aspects of dementia severity, which must be assessed separately.

Memory and regional cerebral blood flow in mildly symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.

We performed SPECT perfusion imaging and memory testing with mildly and moderately demented Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and with healthy controls. All patients had memory abnormalities, but 5 of the 21 patients had neither temporal nor parietal perfusion abnormalities, indicating that temporoparietal blood flow may be normal at a point when memory is pathologic and the clinical diagnosis of AD is possible.

Deep penetrating nevus.

We report a clinical and histologic study of 70 patients, each with a single melanocytic lesion termed "deep penetrating nevus" (DPN). The lesions are most commonly found on the face, upper trunk, or proximal extremities of patients between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Typically they are darkly pigmented.

Clinical-physiologic correlates of Alzheimer's disease and frontal lobe dementia.

Thirty patients with degenerative dementia underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the blood flow tracer [123I]-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine. Five of these patients were clinically and psychologically different from the others, demonstrating predominant behavioral disturbances with relative preservation of memory function. These five patients, who were felt to have a frontal lobe dementia (FLD), showed SPECT perfusion patterns which differed from the remaining 25 patients, who were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease (AD), and from 16 healthy control subjects.

Quantitative NMR measurements of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was employed to study 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seven healthy elderly control subjects. Coronal sections were used to make volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, ventricles, subarachnoid space, and brain parenchyma. The hippocampal volume (normalized relative to the size of the lenticular nucleus) was reduced by 40% in the AD group compared to the controls, with no overlap between the two groups.

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin is rare. Ten cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. Seven of the 10 cases recurred after initial surgery.

Anatomy and pathology of extrapyramidal diseases.

An overview of the anatomy of the basal ganglion system has been presented in conjunction with a brief outline of the diseases associated with it. The etiology of these degenerative diseases has been discussed, and the major morphologic changes at the macroscopic level are given. The probable pathologic and morphologic substrates of movement disorders have been suggested.

Intracerebral delayed hypersensitivity reactions in glioblastoma multiforme patients.

Patients with malignant gliomas who had undergone BCG inoculation were injected intratumorally with PPD to induce an intratumoral delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Histopathological examination of the tumor before and after PPD injections revealed that chronic inflammatory responses were increased after injection in four of the five patients. In no case, however, was the response more than moderate, and in no case did the inflammatory response encompass the tumor at its peripheral margins.