Liposomal Codelivery of Doxorubicin and Curcumin Sensitizes Antitumor Activity and Reduces Tumor Metastasis.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to traditional cancer treatment using chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin (DOX). MDR affects drug dosage regimens and enables the recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Because DOX causes severe side effects at high dosages, it is important to use an MDR modulator to make cancer cells sensitive to DOX.

Tanner's target height formula underestimates final adult height in Korean adolescents and young adults: reassessment of target height based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2019.

Objective: Estimating children's target height (TH) plays an important role in diagnosing, evaluating and treating many paediatric endocrinological diseases. However, in many countries, employing Tanner's formula to predict children's final adult height (FAH) is considered misleading. Therefore, this study aimed to re-evaluate the validity of Tanner's formula for predicting the TH of Korean adolescents and young adults and develop a new formula suitable for Korean children.

Hybrid Nanoparticles of Extracellular Vesicles and Gemcitabine Prodrug-Loaded Liposomes with Enhanced Targeting Ability for Effective PDAC Treatment.

Liposomes are applied to various anticancer treatments as representative drug delivery carriers. However, liposomes do not have their own targeting properties; therefore, there are limitations in drug delivery to specific tissues or cells. High targetability in drug delivery is an important factor in improving bioavailability and drug efficacy and reducing side effects; recent research has been actively investigated to modify the surface of liposomes to give them specific functions.

Zeolite Membrane-Based Low-Temperature Dehydrogenation of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier: A Key Step in the Development of a Hydrogen Economy.

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation is an equilibrium-limited reaction that requires high temperatures (>300 °C) for complete conversion. However, high-temperature operation can degrade catalytic activity and produce unwanted side products. Thus, a hybrid zeolite membrane (Z) is prepared on the inner surface of a tubular support and used it as a wall in a membrane reactor (MR) configuration.

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages before 2 Years of Age and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction: This study examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption before the first 24 months of life and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A population administrative cohort study was conducted in Korea (2008-2019) using linked national insurance data and a health screening survey. The cohort included 25,305 children in the exposed group with high sugar-sweetened beverage drinks (≥200 mL) and 339,931 in the reference groups (<200 mL) at 24 months of age.

A novel approach for estimating initial sound level for speech reception threshold test.

Background: The speech reception threshold (SRT), synonymous with the speech recognition threshold, denotes the minimum hearing level required for an individual to discern 50% of presented speech material. This threshold is measured independently in each ear with a repetitive up-down adjustment of stimulus level starting from the initial SRT value derived from pure tone thresholds (PTTs), measured via pure-tone audiometry (PTA). However, repetitive adjustments in the test contributes to increased fatigue for both patients and audiologists, compromising the reliability of the hearing tests.

Melatonin alleviates myocardial dysfunction through inhibition of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the NF-κB pathway.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process of cellular transdifferentiation by which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties, leading to cardiovascular remodeling and complications in the adult cardiovascular diseases environment. Melatonin is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including aging, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This molecule is an effective therapeutic candidate for preventing oxidative stress, regulating endothelial function, and maintaining the EndMT balance to provide cardiovascular protection.

Development of the multiplex imaging chamber at PAL-XFEL.

Various X-ray techniques are employed to investigate specimens in diverse fields. Generally, scattering and absorption/emission processes occur due to the interaction of X-rays with matter. The output signals from these processes contain structural information and the electronic structure of specimens, respectively.

Developing and Validating the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) Scale.

The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale encompasses not only older adults' personal motivation and growth but also the meaning for them in society and in their relationships: With this scale, we aimed to present their voices. A three-phase process was followed: The scale's items were developed empirically from interviews of older adults; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to test convergent and concurrent validity; and finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. EFA resulted in 18 items grouped into 4 factors (i.

RADCURE: An open-source head and neck cancer CT dataset for clinical radiation therapy insights.

Purpose: This manuscript presents RADCURE, one of the most extensive head and neck cancer (HNC) imaging datasets accessible to the public. Initially collected for clinical radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning, this dataset has been retrospectively reconstructed for use in imaging research.

Acquisition And Validation Methods: RADCURE encompasses data from 3346 patients, featuring computed tomography (CT) RT simulation images with corresponding target and organ-at-risk contours.

Effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules for psychiatric symptoms of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The relationship between epilepsy and depression is bidirectional. One condition exacerbates the other. However, there are no current guidelines for treating depression in epilepsy patients.

Comparison of the Right and Left Femur Bone Mineral Densities in Postmenopausal Women.

Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD) is measured in the hip and posteroanterior spine; moreover, according to the 2019 International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines, unilateral hip can be used. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between the BMD of both the femurs in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A total of 343 postmenopausal women were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019 at a single tertiary hospital.

Organ-specific response with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab versus lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments have become the mainstay of first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there has been a concern that intrahepatic HCC lesions may be less responsive to ICI monotherapy. We aimed to investigate the organ-specific response patterns among unresectable HCC patients treated with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab or lenvatinib.

Methods: This retrospective study included 386 patients with Child-Pugh A unresectable HCC who were treated with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab (n = 217) or lenvatinib (n = 169).

The Prognostic Significance of Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is relatively common among patients with multiple myeloma. The prognostic significance of vitamin D deficiency in Asian patients with multiple myeloma remains unevaluated. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of vitamin D levels in this Korean patient population.

A novel variant of THRβ and its 4-year clinical course in a Korean boy with resistance to thyroid hormone.

Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is characterized by a decreased sensitivity of target tissues to thyroid hormones due to a defect in the THRα- and THRβ-encoded thyroid hormone receptors (THRs). The clinical manifestations range from no symptoms to simple goiter and hypo- or hyperthyroidism, depending on the receptor subtype distribution in the tissues. Here, we report the case of a thyroid hormone-resistant 12-month-old boy carrying a novel THRβ variant who was initially diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.

Calcium Signaling in MR1-Dependent Antigen Presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

MR1 is a ubiquitously expressed MHC-Ib molecule that presents microbial metabolites to MR1-restricted T cells, but there are differences in the antigen presentation pathway of an intracellular microbe compared to exogenous antigen. We have shown the importance of endosomal trafficking proteins in MR1-dependent presentation of (Mtb). Two pore channels (TPCs) are endosomal calcium channels that regulate endosomal trafficking.

Visual display terminal syndrome and its associated factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Ever since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, students have been spending an increasingly longer time staring at electrical devices to take online courses.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the virtual class environment on eye and musculoskeletal problems in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A total of 365 university students were enrolled in this study.

Multi-institutional Prognostic Modeling in Head and Neck Cancer: Evaluating Impact and Generalizability of Deep Learning and Radiomics.

Unlabelled: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming critical in developing and deploying personalized medicine and targeted clinical trials. Recent advances in ML have enabled the integration of wider ranges of data including both medical records and imaging (radiomics). However, the development of prognostic models is complex as no modeling strategy is universally superior to others and validation of developed models requires large and diverse datasets to demonstrate that prognostic models developed (regardless of method) from one dataset are applicable to other datasets both internally and externally.

Fractional CO Laser Treatment Is Safe and Effective for the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Korean Women.

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of fractional CO lasers for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in Korean women. The patients received three laser applications at an interval of 4 weeks each. The severity of GSM symptoms was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and at every visit.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction via Inhibition of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Cardiac tissue damage following ischemia leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol flavonoid or catechin, exerts bioactivity in tissues with various diseases and protects ischemic myocardium; however, its association with the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is unknown. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were treated with EGCG to verify cellular function.

Extracurricular activities in medical education: an integrative literature review.

Background: The importance of extracurricular activities (EAs) has been emphasized in medical education. These activities could enhance medical students' emotional and physical health and afford them developmental opportunities. Despite the growing amount of research related to this theme, few studies review and synthesize the existing literature.

Effectiveness of the Shugan Jieyu Capsule against Psychiatric Symptoms in Epilepsy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy are very common, and the most common symptoms are depression, insomnia, and anxiety. These symptoms not only lower the quality of life of epilepsy patients, but also elevate the risk of epileptic seizures. There are no specific criteria for the available antiepileptic drugs to ameliorate these symptoms in patients with epilepsy, and there is a lack of evidence to support the efficacy and safety of existing drugs.

Confronting Sulfur Electrode Passivation and Li Metal Electrode Degradation in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using Thiocyanate Anion.

Salt anions with a high donor number (DN) enable high sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries by inducing three-dimensional (3D) Li S growth. However, their insufficient compatibility with Li metal electrodes limits their cycling stability. Herein, a new class of salt anion, thiocyanate (SCN ), is presented, which features a Janus character of electron donor and acceptor.