Transcriptomic analysis of the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin against Cutibacterium acnes.

Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and inflammatory relief. In this study, the antibacterial activity of prodigiosin against skin microorganisms was explored. Paper disc assay on skin bacterial cells revealed that Cutibacterium acnes related to acne vulgaris highly susceptible to prodigiosin.

Increased 1-Deoxysphingolipids and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in the Skin of X-ray or Ultraviolet B Irradiation and Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Could Be Prevented by Moisturizer with Physiological Lipid Mixture.

Background: Skin diseases characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction show altered sphingolipid metabolism, which results in changes in the stratum corneum intercellular lipid components and structure. Under pathological conditions, 1-deoxysphingolipids form as atypical sphingolipids from sphingolipid biosynthesis.

Objective: This study investigated the potential role of 1-deoxysphingolipids in skin barrier dysfunction secondary to X-ray and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and .

Stimulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) Is Beneficial in a Huntington's Disease Pre-clinical Model.

Although several agents have been identified to provide therapeutic benefits in Huntington disease (HD), the number of conventionally used treatments remains limited and only symptomatic. Thus, it is plausible that the need to identify new therapeutic targets for the development of alternative and more effective treatments is becoming increasingly urgent. Recently, the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) axis has been reported to be a valid potential novel molecular target for therapy development in HD.

Author Correction: Defective Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism is a druggable target in Huntington's disease.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Aquatide Activation of SIRT1 Reduces Cellular Senescence through a SIRT1-FOXO1-Autophagy Axis.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a relevant environment factor to induce cellular senescence and photoaging. Both autophagy- and silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathways are critical cellular processes of not only maintaining normal cellular functions, but also protecting cellular senescence in skin exposed to UV irradiation. In the present studies, we investigated whether modulation of autophagy induction using a novel synthetic SIRT1 activator, heptasodium hexacarboxymethyl dipeptide-12 (named as Aquatide), suppresses the UVB irradiation-induced skin aging.

Defective Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism is a druggable target in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous pathogenic profile. Studies have shown that disturbance in lipid homeostasis may represent a critical determinant in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. The recognition of perturbed lipid metabolism is only recently becoming evident in HD.

Antibody to FcεRIα Suppresses Immunoglobulin E Binding to High-Affinity Receptor I in Allergic Inflammation.

Purpose: High-affinity receptor I (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils plays a key role in the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated type I hypersensitivity mediated by allergen cross-linking of the specific IgE-FcεRI complex. Thus, prevention of IgE binding to FcεRI on these cells is an effective therapy for allergic disease. We have developed a strategy to disrupt IgE binding to FcεRI using an antibody targeting FcεRIα.

Selective Cannabinoid Receptor-1 Agonists Regulate Mast Cell Activation in an Oxazolone-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Model.

Background: Many inflammatory mediators, including various cytokines (e.g. interleukins and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), inflammatory proteases, and histamine are released following mast cell activation.

Pseudoceramide stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression in a murine model of atopic dermatitis: molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory effect and the preventive effect against steroid-induced barrier impairment.

Topical pseudoceramides are successfully used in skin barrier repair therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) and demonstrated to reduce the adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids (GC). However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We investigated whether PC-9S (myristoyl/palmitoyloxostearamide/arachamide MEA, Neopharm, Daejeon, Korea), one of the synthetic pseudoceramides, could stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α expression in a hapten [oxazolone (oxa)]-induced AD murine model (oxa-AD mice) and subsequently improved permeability barrier, reduced inflammation, and increased antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expression.

Sphingosine kinase 1 activation enhances epidermal innate immunity through sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulation of cathelicidin production.

Background: The ceramide metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), regulates multiple cellular functions in keratinocytes (KC). We recently discovered that production of a key innate immune element, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), is stimulated via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism that is activated by S1P when S1P is generated by sphingosine kinase (SPHK) 1.

Objective: We investigated whether pharmacological modulation of SPHK1 activity, using a novel synthetic SPHK1 activator, (S)-methyl 2-(hexanamide)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (MHP), stimulates CAMP expression.

Topical cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist attenuates the cutaneous inflammatory responses in oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model.

Background: Even with the widespread clinical use of cannabinoid receptor (CBR) stimulating compounds, such as palmitoylethanolamine, the role of CBR agonists on inflammatory skin diseases is not yet fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the effects of CBR agonists on skin inflammation, using acute and chronic inflammation animal models.

Methods: The effectiveness of the newly synthesized cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) agonists was determined using in vitro assays.

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-biotin conjugate stimulates myocytes differentiation through insulin-like growth factor-1 and collagen type I.

Based on the potential beneficial effects of growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP)-6 on muscle functions, a newly synthesized GHRP-6-biotin conjugate was tested on cultured myoblast cells. Increased expression of myogenic marker proteins was observed in GHRP-6-biotin conjugate-treated cells. Additionally, increased expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and collagen type I were observed.

Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on allergic march model by suppressing Th2, Th17, and TSLP responses via CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs.

Allergic march (AM) is characterized by the progression of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) to allergic asthma or rhinitis, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. We developed mouse model of AM with three 1-week exposures (separated by 2-week interval) to an OVA or saline (control) followed by OVA challenge. The development of AM was confirmed by phenotypes of AD and allergic asthma.

A novel synthetic mycolic Acid inhibits bronchial hyperresponsiveness and allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.

Purpose: Recognition of microbes is important to trigger the innate immune system. Mycolic acid (MA) is a component of the cell walls of mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. MA has immunogenic properties, which may modulate the innate and adaptive immune response.

Preventive effects of multi-lamellar emulsion on low potency topical steroid induced local adverse effect.

Background: Topical steroid treatment induces diverse local Wand systemic adverse effects. Several approaches have been tried to reduce the steroid-induced adverse effects. Simultaneous application of physiological lipid mixture is also suggested.

Protease activity enhances production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and basophil accumulation in flaky tail mice.

Epidermal barrier abnormality due to filaggrin deficiency is an important predisposing factor in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in keratinocytes (KCs), induced by barrier disruption, can promote type 2 helper T-cell polarization. Protease activity, including protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), is also known to be involved in epidermal barrier function in AD.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates antigen capture by murine Langerhans cells via the S1P2 receptor subtype.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the development of cutaneous contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and atopic dermatitis as they capture and process antigen and present it to T lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs. Recently, it has been indicated that a topical application of the sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) prevents the inflammatory response in CHS, but the molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. Here we indicate that treatment of mice with S1P is connected with an impaired antigen uptake by Langerhans cells (LCs), the initial step of CHS.

A novel mouse model of atopic dermatitis with epicutaneous allergen sensitization and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and the pathogenesis is not completely understood. Although there are some mouse models of AD, it is not easy to establish model to represent the natural AD development in human. In this study, we developed an AD model based on outside-inside theory and investigated the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lcr35), which have known as an immune modulator in allergic diseases.

Beneficial effects of pseudoceramide-containing physiologic lipid mixture as a vehicle for topical steroids.

Among the various adverse effects of topical corticosteroids, impairment of the epidermal permeability barrier is well-known. Decreased synthesis of the epidermal lipid consequently leads to structural defects of the stratum corneum. Recently, the beneficial effects of physiologic lipid mixtures containing pseudoceramide on the impaired epidermal permeability barrier have been reported, which suggest that physiologic lipid mixtures may reduce the topical glucocorticoid-induced barrier impairment.

Altered epidermal lipid layers induced by long-term exposure to suberythemal-dose ultraviolet.

Background: Although several studies have reported on the biological effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, there have been only a few reports on the changes in epidermal lipids following long-term UV irradiation at suberythemal dose (SED), to which people are usually exposed during their lifetime.

Objectives: To investigate the changes of epidermal lipid properties after long-term UV radiation with SED.

Materials And Methods: Hairless mice were irradiated three times weekly for 15 weeks at an SED of UV (UVB: 20 mJ/cm(2) ; UVA: 14 J/cm(2) ).