Administration of Aripiprazole Alleviates Memory Impairment and Restores Damaged Glutamatergic System in 5xFAD Mice.

Purpose: Many patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) also have psychosis, and it has been reported that these patients have more severely impaired cognitive functions than patients without psychosis. The glutamatergic system in the brain is known to play an important role in memory and learning in the neural circuits. However, there has been limited research on how antipsychotic drugs affect the glutamatergic system of AD.

Assessing the applicability of PMOD residence times model for PET image-based radiation dosimetry.

The effective dose represents the overall internal radiation exposure to the whole body when exposed to radiation sources. This study aims to compare conventional and software-aided methods to derive the effective dose. In the present study, F-T807 and F-Mefway, specific radiotracers for the paired helical tau and serotonin 1A receptor, were administered to healthy subjects (n = 6, each radiotracer), following which whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained for 2 h.

Effects of Escitalopram on the Functional Neural Circuits in an Animal Model of Adolescent Depression.

Purpose: Although escitalopram is known to be an effective drug for adult depression, its disease-modifying efficacy on adolescents remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of escitalopram on behavioral aspects as well as functional neural circuits by means of positron emission tomography.

Procedures: To generate the animal models of depression, restraint stress was used during the peri-adolescent period (RS group).

Effect of developmental stress on the neuronal circuits related to excitation-inhibition balance and mood in adulthood.

Introduction: Traumatic events in early life have a deleterious effect on the development of normal brain developments, which may be a cause of various psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Most prior studies focused on molecular biological aspects, and research on functional changes in neural circuits is still limited. We aimed to elucidate the effect of early life stress on excitation-inhibition and serotonergic neurotransmission in the adulthood using non-invasive functional molecular imaging (positron emission tomography, PET).

Amyloid pathology induces dysfunction of systemic neurotransmission in aged APPswe/PS2 mice.

This study aimed to investigate how amyloid pathology affects the functional aspects of neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer's disease. APPswe/PS2 mice (21 months of age) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). First, we obtained F-FDG and F-florbetaben PET scans to evaluate neuronal integrity and amyloid pathology.

Developmental complex trauma induces the dysfunction of the amygdala-mPFC circuit in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems.

Developmental complex trauma is strongly associated with various psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that the amygdala-mPFC circuit regulates emotion and plays an important role in stress reactions. However, most studies on developmental trauma have mainly focused on neurological aspects in biological, behavioral, and structural changes with regard to a single stressor.

Therapeutic Effects of Aripiprazole in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Global aging has led to growing health concerns posed by Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Aripiprazole is an atypical FDA-approved anti-psychotic drug with potential against AD. To investigate its therapeutic effects on AD pathology, we administered aripiprazole to 5xFAD AD model mice and examined beta-amyloid (βA)-induced AD-like phenotypes, including βA production, neuroinflammation, and cerebral glucose metabolism.

Validation of Image Qualities of a Novel Four-Mice Bed PET System as an Oncological and Neurological Analysis Tool.

: Micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), a small-animal dedicated PET system, is used in biomedical studies and has the quantitative imaging capabilities of radiotracers. A single-bed system, commonly used in micro-PET, is laborious to use in large-scale studies. Here, we evaluated the image qualities of a multi-bed system.

Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging.

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models.

Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of taurine in Alzheimer's disease using functional molecular imaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, but therapeutic treatment options are limited. Taurine has been reported to have neuroprotective properties against dementia, including AD. The present study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of taurine in AD mice by functional molecular imaging.

Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Microglial Depletion by CSF-1R Inhibition in a Parkinson's Animal Model.

Purpose: Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to play a pivotal role in progression to neuronal degeneration. It has been reported that colony-stimulation factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibition can effectively deplete microglia. However, its therapeutic efficacy in PD is unclear still now.

5-Fluorouracil as a Tumor-Treating Field-Sensitizer in Colon Cancer Therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality that can be treated effectively with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, although resistance to these therapeutic modalities often occurs. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) can block tumor growth by selectively impairing tumor cell division. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitizes tumor cells to TTFields.

Monitoring Physiological Changes in Neutron-Exposed Normal Mouse Brain Using FDG-PET and DW-MRI.

We monitored a physiological response in a neutron-exposed normal mouse brain using two imaging tools, [F]fluro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([F]FDG-PET) and diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), as an imaging biomarker. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DW-MRI and standardized uptake value (SUV) of [F]FDG-PET, which indicated changes in the cellular environment for neutron irradiation. This approach was sensitive enough to detect cell changes that were not confirmed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results.

Age dependency of mGluR5 availability in 5xFAD mice measured by PET.

The major pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau. The deposition of amyloid plaques leads to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, and cognitive impairment. Among the neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant in the mammalian brain and plays an important role in synaptic plasticity.

Effects of P-gp and Bcrp as brain efflux transporters on the uptake of [ F]FPEB in the murine brain.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the brain uptake of [ F]FPEB is influenced by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) as efflux transporters in rodents. To assess this possible modulation, positron emission tomography studies were performed in animal models of pharmacological or genetic ablation of these transporters. Compared with the control conditions, when P-gp was blocked with tariquidar, there was an 8%-12% increase in the brain uptake of [ F]FPEB.

Early Detection of A Deposition in the 5xFAD Mouse by Amyloid PET.

F-FC119S is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging -amyloid (A) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of F-FC119S in quantitating A deposition in a mouse model of early amyloid deposition (5xFAD) by PET. .

Age is related to neurological outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Introduction: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the patients' outcomes after cardiac arrest based on age in one center, to determine whether geriatric patients had worse outcomes.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. The patients admitted to the intensive care unit on successful resuscitation after OHCA were retrospectively identified and evaluated.

Preliminary PET Study of F-FC119S in Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Models.

To evaluate the efficacy of F-FC119S as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical for the imaging of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we studied the drug absorption characteristics and distribution of F-FC119S in normal mice. In addition, we evaluated the specificity of F-FC119S for β-amyloid (Aβ) in the AD group of an APP/PS1 mouse model and compared it with that in the wild-type (WT) group. The behavior of F-FC119S in the normal mice was characteristic of rapid brain uptake and washout patterns.

Evaluation of Fermented Sausages Manufactured with Reduced-fat and Functional Starter Cultures on Physicochemical, Functional and Flavor Characteristics.

Fermented foods with probiotics having functional properties may provide beneficial effects on health. These effects are varied, depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Different probiotic LAB might have different functional properties.

Testosterone related good neurologic outcome on the patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the gonadal hormones in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest following prospectively good (cerebral-performance category [CPC] 1-2) and poor (CPC 3-5) neurologic outcomes.

Methods: The patients in an emergency center who had been admitted to the center's intensive care unit (ICU) after successful resuscitation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were prospectively identified and evaluated within the period from April 2008 to March 2011. The gonadal hormones, including progesterone, total estrogen, and testosterone, were measured and analyzed following the good and poor neurologic outcomes.

Variations in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of processed cheese by lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening.

Dairy products are major sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA); thus, an increase in CLA content can improve the quality value of dairy products. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening period on the level of CLA in processed cheese. CLA content in milk varied with the period of lactation; high in spring (April and May, about 6.