Cells in the polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state have increased metastatic potential.

Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths, it is quite rare at the cellular level. Only a rare subset of cancer cells (~ 1 in 1.5 billion) can complete the entire metastatic cascade: invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, extravasation, and colonization (i.

Monoclonal antibody Y01 prevents tauopathy progression induced by lysine 280-acetylated tau in cell and mouse models.

The spatiotemporal pattern of the spread of pathologically modified tau through brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be explained by prion-like cell-to-cell seeding and propagation of misfolded tau aggregates. Hence, to develop targeted therapeutic antibodies, it is important to identify the seeding- and propagation-competent tau species. The hexapeptide 275VQIINK280 of tau is a critical region for tau aggregation, and K280 is acetylated in various tauopathies, including AD.

Derivation of site-specific derived concentration guideline levels at Korea Research Reactor 1 and 2 sites using probabilistic analysis.

The purpose of this study is to apply a probabilistic method to derive the derived concentration guideline levels for decommissioning of Korea Research Reactor 1 and 2. A total of seven parameters were found to be the sensitive parameters of the target nuclides. The DCGLs of Co-60 and H-3 were 0.

Cytokinesis machinery promotes cell dissociation from collectively migrating strands in confinement.

Cells tune adherens junction dynamics to regulate epithelial integrity in diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that the spatially confining architecture of peritumor stroma promotes metastatic cell dissemination by remodeling cell-cell adhesive interactions. By combining microfluidics with live-cell imaging, FLIM/FRET biosensors, and optogenetic tools, we show that confinement induces leader cell dissociation from cohesive ensembles.

Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination.

Cells respond to physical stimuli, such as stiffness, fluid shear stress and hydraulic pressure. Extracellular fluid viscosity is a key physical cue that varies under physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer. However, its influence on cancer biology and the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to changes in viscosity are unknown.

Polarized NHE1 and SWELL1 regulate migration direction, efficiency and metastasis.

Cell migration regulates diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. According to the Osmotic Engine Model, polarization of NHE1 at the leading edge of confined cells facilitates water uptake, cell protrusion and motility. The physiological relevance of the Osmotic Engine Model and the identity of molecules mediating cell rear shrinkage remain elusive.

Giant obscurin regulates migration and metastasis via RhoA-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling in pancreatic cancer.

Obscurins, encoded by the OBSCN gene, are giant cytoskeletal proteins with structural and regulatory roles. Large scale omics analyses reveal that OBSCN is highly mutated across different types of cancer, exhibiting a 5-8% mutation frequency in pancreatic cancer. Yet, the functional role of OBSCN in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis has to be delineated.

Cancer cells display increased migration and deformability in pace with metastatic progression.

In this study, we explored the relation between metastatic states vs the capacity of confined migration, amoeboid transition, and cellular stiffness. We compared across an isogenic panel of human breast cancer cells derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. It was observed that cells after lung metastasis have the fastest migration and lowest stiffness, with a significantly higher capacity to transition into an amoeboid mode.

TLQP-21 mediated activation of microglial BV2 cells promotes clearance of extracellular fibril amyloid-β.

β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaque in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by impaired clearance of Aβ by glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes. Because microglia play an important protective role in the central nervous system, many efforts have been made to identify agents that effectively improve microglial Aβ phagocytosis. This study found that TLQP-21, which is cleaved from VGF (VGF nerve growth factor inducible) precursor protein, enhanced Aβ phagocytosis and degradation by microglial BV2 cells.

A feasibility study for the continuous measurement of pupillary response using the pupillography during CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Purpose: We investigated the change in pupil size and pupil light reflex (PLR) using a pupillography capable of continuous measurement both during CPR and immediately following the return-of-spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) comatose patients in an emergency department.

Methods: Pupil size and PLR were continuously measured both during CPR and immediately following ROSC until intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The changes in pupil sizes during CPR were categorized into three groups (no change - N, decreased - D, and increased - I groups).

Clinical Effects of Activated Charcoal Unavailability on Treatment Outcomes for Oral Drug Poisoned Patients.

Background: Activated charcoal is the most frequently and widely used oral decontaminating agent in emergency departments (EDs). However, there is some debate about its clinical benefits and risks. In Korea, activated charcoal with sorbitol was unavailable as of the mid-2015, and our hospital had been unable to use it from September 2015.

Initial blood pH during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a multicenter observational registry-based study.

Background: When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient receives cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department (ED), blood laboratory test results can be obtained by using point-of-care testing during CPR. In the present study, the relationship between blood laboratory test results during CPR and outcomes of OHCA patients was investigated.

Methods: This study was a multicenter retrospective analysis of prospective registered data that included 2716 OHCA patients.

Prehospital Supraglottic Airway Was Associated With Good Neurologic Outcome in Cardiac Arrest Victims Especially Those Who Received Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Objectives: We performed this study to investigate the association of prehospital supraglottic airway (SGA) on neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest victims with adjustment of postresuscitation variables as well as prehospital and resuscitation variables.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study based on a multicenter prospective cohort registry from December 2013 to April 2016. According to the 28-day cerebral performance categories (CPCs) scale, patients were divided into the good-outcome group (CPC 1-2) and the poor-outcome group (CPC 3-5).

Incidence and clinical features of intracranial hemorrhage causing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: The general incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear, although the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage has been determined to be 4% to 18%. The main objectives of our study were to describe the incidence of ICH in OHCA and the different laboratory findings between ICH and non-ICH groups.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the prospective OHCA registry was conducted at three university hospitals in Korea.

A simple model to predict bacteremia in women with acute pyelonephritis.

Objectives: To construct a simple model to predict bacteremia in women with uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis (APN) for the judicious use of blood cultures.

Methods: A prospective database including 735 women with uncomplicated APN at an academic urban emergency department was analyzed retrospectively. Independent risk factors were determined using multivariate logistic regression in two-thirds of patients.

Effects of the polarizability and packing density of transparent oxide films on water vapor permeation.

The tin oxide and silicon oxide films have been deposited on polycarbonate substrates as gas barrier films, using a thermal evaporation and ion beam assisted deposition process. The oxide films deposited by ion beam assisted deposition show a much lower water vapor transmission rate than those by thermal evaporation. The tin oxide films show a similar water vapor transmission rate to the silicon oxide films in thermal evaporation but a lower water vapor transmission rate in IBAD.