Position Statement: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treatment Strategies in Korea.

Classifying patients with osteoporosis according to fracture risk and establishing adequate treatment strategies is crucial to effectively treat osteoporosis. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research has issued a position statement regarding appropriate treatment strategies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. According to previous fragility fracture history, bone mineral density (BMD) test results, fracture risk assessment tool, and several clinical risk factors, fracture risk groups are classified into low, moderate, high, and very-high-risk groups.

Time-sequential fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in elastin-variable 3D hydrogel environments by collagen networks.

Background: Fibrosis plays an important role in both normal physiological and pathological phenomena as fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts. The activation of fibroblasts is determined through interactions with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). However, how this fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) is regulated and affected by elastin concentration in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment has not been investigated.

Accelerated tibia fracture healing in traumatic brain injury in accordance with increased hematoma formation.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been known to accelerate bone healing. Many cells and molecules have been investigated but the exact mechanism is still unknown. The neuroinflammatory state of TBI has been reported recently.

Relationship between body mass index and fracture risk at different skeletal sites: a nationwide cohort study.

Unlabelled: The association between obesity and fracture was skeletal site-specific with no gender difference. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of proximal humerus fractures but not for wrist or clinical vertebral fractures.

Purpose: The association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of clinical fractures at different sites is unclear.

Osteoporosis Pre-Screening Using Ensemble Machine Learning in Postmenopausal Korean Women.

As osteoporosis is a degenerative disease related to postmenopausal aging, early diagnosis is vital. This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to predict a patient's risk of osteoporosis using machine learning algorithms. Data from 1431 postmenopausal women aged 40-69 years were used, including 20 features affecting osteoporosis, chosen by feature importance and recursive feature elimination.

Age- and Sex-Specific Differences in Distribution of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Associations of Hand-Grip Strength Indices with Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Adults.

To evaluate age- and sex-specific differences in the distribution of cardiometabolic diseases and associations of hand-grip strength (HGS) indices with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional observational study enrolled participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( = 16,126, age ≥19 years). Information on cardiometabolic diseases was obtained through surveys or proper criteria applied for undiagnosed participants.

Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: 2021 Position Statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Antiresorptives are the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. They are also used in malignant bone metastases, multiple myeloma, and Paget's disease, and provide therapeutic efficacy on those diseases. However, it was reported that the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) could be related to antiresorptive exposures, and there have been many cases regarding this issue.

Particulate Matter Promotes Melanin Production through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‒Mediated IRE1α Signaling.

Particulate matter (PM) is believed to be related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The skin is also known to be affected by PM exposure as a result of skin barrier dysfunction, cutaneous inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. Epidemiological studies have suggested that PM is related to pigment spots.

Incidence and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Bisphosphonates and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Treatment in Korea.

Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to the estrogen effect. In this study, we investigated the effect of SERMs on VTE compared to bisphosphonates (BPs) using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Molecule-Resolved Visualization of Particulate Matter on Human Skin Using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging.

Precise measurement of particulate matter (PM) on skin is important for managing and preventing PM-related skin diseases. This study aims to directly visualize the deposition and penetration of PM into human skin using a multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging system. We successfully obtained PM particle signals by merging two different sources, C-C vibrational frequency and autofluorescence, while simultaneously visualizing the anatomical features of the skin via keratin, collagen, and elastin.

Length difference of multi-walled carbon nanotubes generates differential cytotoxic responses.

Carbon nanotubes have recently been rated as an effective biomaterial owing to their functionalization ability. However, the safety of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has yet to be clearly understood. To investigate how cells differentially react to minor geometric differences, we prepared well-dispersed and stable long and short MWCNTs showing an approximately 100-nm length difference in an in vitro system.

Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture Fact Sheet in Korea.

Background: The socioeconomic burdens of osteoporosis and related fractures have increased in parallel with population aging. The Korea Society of Bone and Mineral Research published fact sheets on these topics in 2017, 2018, and 2019. This study provides complied epidemiological data based on these fact sheets for understanding current status of osteoporosis in Korea.

Association between relative hand-grip strength and chronic cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal diseases in Koreans: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study evaluated clinical and cardiometabolic markers associated with relative hand-grip strength (HGS), and investigated odds ratios (ORs) for chronic cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal diseases according to relative HGS.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were 50 years and older (N = 2451). Information on chronic diseases was taken by individual surveys and other proper criteria were applied for undiagnosed subjects.

Incidence of and risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw in Korean osteoporosis patients treated with bisphosphonates: A nationwide cohort-study.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) and to identify clinical risk factors that increase the risk for ONJ in Korean osteoporosis patients.

Methods: We used data acquired from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Among 2,140,149 participants with osteoporosis in 2012, we selected 164,926 new BP users and 164,926 age- and sex-matched control subjects.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Position Statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology.

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacement therapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Before initiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven genetic causes or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary.

Prevalence and complications of nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism in Korea: A nationwide cohort study.

Objective: The risk of complications of nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism in Asia is unclear. We estimated the prevalence and risk of complications in patients with nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide claims database from 2005 to 2016.

Synthetic Retinoid Seletinoid G Improves Skin Barrier Function through Wound Healing and Collagen Realignment in Human Skin Equivalents.

The outer epidermal skin is a primary barrier that protects the body from extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemicals and pollutants. The complete epithelialization of a wound by keratinocytes is essential for restoring the barrier function of the skin. However, age-related alterations predispose the elderly to impaired wound healing.

Higher cholesterol levels, not statin use, are associated with a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

We aimed to examine whether statin users have a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after careful consideration of prevalent statin use and cholesterol levels. During a mean prospective follow-up of 8.4 years in 400,318 Koreans, 1686 individuals were diagnosed with HCC.

Site-specific impairment of perivascular adipose tissue on advanced atherosclerotic plaques using multimodal nonlinear optical imaging.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), as a mechanical support, has been reported to systemically regulate vascular physiology by secreting adipokines and cytokines. How PVAT spatially and locally changes as atherosclerosis progresses is not known, however. We aimed to reveal the molecular changes in PVAT in advanced atherosclerosis based on multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging.

Predictive costs in medical care for Koreans with metabolic syndrome from 2009 to 2013 based on the National Health Insurance claims dataset.

Background/aims: Although metabolic syndrome has been associated with increasing medical costs worldwide, there have been no studies using a nationwide and longitudinal South Korean dataset. We investigated trends in subsidized medical costs among Korean adults with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This study was based on the National Sample Cohort database of South Korea.

Evaluation of the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents: a population-based study.

Purpose: This study investigated the association of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adolescents.

Methods: The study population included 1006 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; SCH subjects were compared with euthyroid subjects. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Clinical Manifestations and Factors Associated with Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Koreans with Obesity.

Demonstrating the clinical consequences of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is complex. This study evaluated clinical manifestations and factors associated with bone and muscle loss in Koreans with obesity. This cross-sectional observational study enrolled Koreans with obesity aged ≥ 50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.