Draft genome of strain AK152, a novel thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Iceland.

We present the draft genome of the bacterium strain AK152, a thermophilic, endospore-spore-forming, anaerobe isolated from a hot spring in Grensdalur, in Southwestern Iceland. This assembled genome will lay the foundation for identifying the carboxylic and amino acid fermentation pathways, suggesting biotechnological applications for this strain.

Health-associated changes of the fecal microbiota in dairy heifer calves during the pre-weaning period.

Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea is a multifactorial condition that occurs in early life when calves are particularly susceptible to enteric infection and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Good calf health is dependent on successful passive transfer of immunity from the dam through colostrum. There are limited studies on the developing gut microbiota from birth to weaning in calves.

Biotechnological Prospects of AK15: End-Product Formation from Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Lignocellulosic and Macroalgae Hydrolysates.

The conversion of lignocellulosic and algal biomass by thermophilic bacteria has been an area of active investigation. species have proven to be particularly capable in the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass, although detailed studies of their abilities to utilize the full gamut of carbohydrate, amino acids, and proteins encountered in biomass hydrolysates are seldom comprehensively examined. Here, we re-evaluate the ability of strain AK15, a highly ethanologenic strain previously isolated from a hot spring in Iceland.

Dataset describing the amino acid catabolism of .

The dataset depicts the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids by in the presence of thiosulfate under different culture conditions. The results reveal that the strain can degrade all three branched-chain amino acids resulting in the production of their corresponding branched-chain fatty acids and branched-chain alcohols with the fatty acids always being the dominant product. The highest amounts of 2-methyl-1-butanol from isoleucine were at pH 6.

Dataset describing the influence of culture conditions on the bioreduction of organic acids to alcohols by .

The dataset describes the influence of culture conditions on the bioreduction of organic acids by as reported in [1]. The data shows that during glucose fermentation of the reducing equivalents are not only converted to ethanol and hydrogen but also, in the presence of carboxylic acids (C2-C6), to its corresponding alcohol. To maximize the alcohol production produced from their carboxylic acid, several experiments were performed to investigate the effect of various environmental factors (initial glucose concentration, pH, liquid-gas phase ratio, and inhibitory effects of alcohols) on growth.

Identification of Two Genetic Loci Associated with Leukopenia after Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Purpose: To identify molecular predictors of grade 3/4 neutropenic or leukopenic events (NLE) after chemotherapy using a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Experimental Design: A GWAS was performed on patients in the phase III chemotherapy study SUCCESS-A (n = 3,322). Genotyping was done using the Illumina HumanOmniExpress-12v1 array.

Sternal Gap Syndrome Caused by Improperly Fitted Body Armor: A Preventable Military Injury.

Isolated atrophy of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) secondary to traumatic lesion of the medial pectoral nerve is a known entity in the field of neuromuscular electrodiagnostics. Recent literature has begun describing a Pectoral Gap Phenomenon in which this atrophy occurs bilaterally as an overuse injury, leading to a marked concavity in the central chest wall musculature. While there is limited information in science journals on this topic, social media posts on weight lifting discuss the topic frequently.

Influence of Culture Conditions on the Bioreduction of Organic Acids to Alcohols by .

species have recently been observed to reduce carboxylic acids to their corresponding alcohols. The present investigation shows that converts C2-C6 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to their corresponding alcohols in the presence of glucose. The conversion yields varied from 21% of 3-methyl-1-butyrate to 57.

Biotransformation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols: Characterization of Strain AK152 and 1-Propanol Production via Propionate Reduction.

strains have recently gained interest because of their ability to convert short chain fatty acids to alcohols using actively growing cells. strain AK152 was physiologically investigated for its ethanol and other alcohol formation. The temperature and pH optimum of the strain was 70 °C and pH 7.

Branched-chain amino acid catabolism of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus reveals potential route to branched-chain alcohol formation.

The fermentation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and branched-chain alcohols (BCOHs) is described using Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus. BCAAs were not degraded without an electron scavenging system but were degraded to a mixture of their BCFA (major) and BCOH (minor) when thiosulfate was added to the culture. Various environmental parameters were investigated using isoleucine as the substrate which ultimately demonstrated that at higher liquid-gas phase ratios the formation of 2-methyl-1-butanol from isoleucine achieved a maximal titer of 3.

Consumers' Suggestions for Improving the Mental Healthcare System: Options, Autonomy, and Respect.

While the mental healthcare-consumer voice has gained in legitimacy and perceived value, policy initiatives and system improvements still lack input from consumers. This study explores consumers' suggestions for improving the mental healthcare system. Participants (N = 46) were conveniently recruited and responded to an online survey asking: "What are your suggestions for improving the mental healthcare system?" Eight themes were identified using iterative, inductive and deductive coding.

Branched-chain amino acid catabolism of Thermoanaerobacter strain AK85 and the influence of culture conditions on branched-chain alcohol formation.

The bioprocessing of amino acids to branched-chain fatty acids and alcohols is described using Thermoanaerobacter strain AK85. The amino acid utilization profile was evaluated without an electron scavenger, with thiosulfate, and in a co-culture with a methanogen. There was an emphasis on the production of branched-chain alcohols and fatty acids from the branched-chain amino acids, particularly the influence of culture conditions which was investigated using isoleucine, which revealed that the concentration of thiosulfate was of great importance for the branched-chain alcohols/fatty acid ratio produced.

Dataset describing the amino acid catabolism of strain AK85: The influence of culture conditions on end product formation.

The dataset describes the catabolism of the 20 proteogenics amino acids and their end products by strain AK85 under different electron scavenging conditions with an emphasis on the branched-chain amino acids as reported in Scully and Orlygsson, 2019.

Biotransformation of organic acids to their corresponding alcohols by Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus.

Higher order alcohols, such as 1-butanol and 1-hexanol, have a large number of applications but are currently prepared from non-renewable feedstocks. Here, the ability of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus to reduce short-chain fatty acids to their corresponding alcohols using reducing potential generated by glucose catabolism with yields between 21.0 and 61.

Status epilepticus after C-4 ingestion: using liquid chromatography to quantify toxicity.

C-4, a commonly used explosive in military operations, is sometimes consumed by soldiers as a rite of passage. The primary component of C-4 is cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, or Research Department Explosive (RDX), which causes euphoria along with nausea, vomiting, renal injury, encephalopathy and convulsions when consumed in toxic amounts. We present a case of status epilepticus caused by known ingestion of C-4, in which serum levels of the compound were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Dataset describing ethanol and 1,2-propanediol production by a stenothermal moderately thermophilic anaerobe, strain AK1.

The dataset details the fermentation of D-glucose, L-rhamnose, and L-fucose and their end-product formation by the moderate thermophile strain AK1 (DSM 18778) as related to the work described in "Propanediol from L-rhamnose using the moderately thermophilic strain AK1" [1]. The influence of culture conditions on end product formation from D-glucose and L-rhamnose by AK1 was investigated in batch culture. Strain AK1 was cultivated at initial substrate concentrations varying from 0 to 60 mM and initial pH values varying from 4.

Fermentation of Mannitol Extracts From Brown Macro Algae by Thermophilic .

Mannitol-containing macro algae biomass, such as and , are a potential feedstock for the production of biofuels such as bioethanol. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the ability of thermophilic anaerobes within Class to ferment mannitol and mannitol-containing algal extracts. Screening of the type strains of six genera, , and ) was conducted on 20 mM mannitol and revealed that 11 of 41 strains could utilize mannitol with ethanol being the dominant end-product.

Production of (S)-1,2-propanediol from l-rhamnose using the moderately thermophilic Clostridium strain AK1.

Clostridium strain AK1 was investigated for its capacity of producing 1,2-propanediol from l-rhamnose but not l-fucose. The maximum yields of 1,2-propanediol from rhamnose was 0.81 mol 1,2-PD/mol l-rhamnose.

Evaluation of the genus of Caldicellulosiruptor for production of 1,2-propanediol from methylpentoses.

Caldicellulosiruptor species degrade l-rhamnose and l-fucose to 1,2-propanediol. Six of the nine species within the genus produced 1,2-propanediol from l-rhamnose and three utilized l-fucose to produce the compound. Yields of 1,2-propanediol up to 40.

Establishment of critical timing of progesterone supplementation on corpus luteum and embryo development in beef heifers.

Optimal concentrations of progesterone (P4) during early pregnancy are a major determinant of embryo survival in cattle. This study examined the effects of P4 supplementation, following a period of induced low P4, on corpus luteum (CL) development, circulating P4 concentrations and embryo development. A total of 107 beef heifers from one herd were used in the study.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazoloquinolinones with Linkers To Enable Targeting of CD38.

Several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme overexpressed on malignant plasma cells, have previously been discovered. Herein, we expand structure-activity relationships of reported small-molecule thiazoloquinolinones and show that several 4-cyclohexylamino analogues have potent binding affinity for CD38 using surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, active amine analogues could be acylated and functionalized with alkyne and fluorescein groups.

Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychiatric consequence of trauma that occurs in a proportion of individuals exposed to life-threatening events. Trauma-focused psychotherapy is often recommended as first choice for those who do not recover spontaneously. But many individuals require medications.

Amino Acid Metabolism of Thermoanaerobacter Strain AK90: The Role of Electron-Scavenging Systems in End Product Formation.

The catabolism of the 20 amino acids by Thermoanaerobacter strain AK90 (KR007667) was investigated under three different conditions: as single amino acids without an electron-scavenging system, in the presence of thiosulfate, and in coculture with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen. The strain degraded only serine without an alternative electron acceptor but degraded 11 amino acids (alanine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) under both of the electron-scavenging systems investigated. Acetate was the dominant end product from alanine, cysteine, lysine, serine, and threonine under electron-scavenging conditions.

Kinase-Independent Small-Molecule Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling.

Phenotypic cell-based screening is a powerful approach to small-molecule discovery, but a major challenge of this strategy lies in determining the intracellular target and mechanism of action (MoA) for validated hits. Here, we show that the small-molecule BRD0476, a novel suppressor of pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, inhibits interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling to promote β-cell survival. However, unlike common JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors, BRD0476 inhibits JAK-STAT signaling without suppressing the kinase activity of any JAK.