Sauropod dinosaur tracks from the Purbeck Group (Early Cretaceous) of Spyway Quarry, Dorset, UK.

Dinosaur tracks have a long history of discovery and study in the UK, but track sites for sauropodomorph dinosaurs-the group that included the giant, graviportal herbivorous sauropods-are comparatively rare. Here, we provide a description of a sauropod dinosaur track site at Spyway Quarry in Dorset, southern England. The tracks at Spyway were discovered in the late 1990s and occur in the Stair Hole Member of the Durlston Formation in the Purbeck Limestone Group, of earliest Cretaceous age.

Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma as a rare cause of haematuria in children: Our experience and review of current literature.

Objectives: To report our experience of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in children and review contemporary management and follow-up of paediatric UCC.

Patients And Methods: Between 2004 and 2020, five patients (4 boys and 1 girl) were managed at our centre for urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Data was collected by note review for age at presentation, symptoms, clinical findings, investigations, treatment and follow-up.

Testing the benefits of conservation set-asides for improved habitat connectivity in tropical agricultural landscapes.

Habitat connectivity is important for tropical biodiversity conservation. Expansion of commodity crops, such as oil palm, fragments natural habitat areas, and strategies are needed to improve habitat connectivity in agricultural landscapes. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) voluntary certification system requires that growers identify and conserve forest patches identified as High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) before oil palm plantations can be certified as sustainable.

Spinal manipulation does not affect pressure pain thresholds in the absence of neuromodulators: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Measurement of pressure pain threshold (PPT) is a way to determine one of the many potential treatment effects of spinal manipulative therapy.

Objective: To determine how multiple spinal manipulations administered in a single-session affected PPTs at local and distal sites in asymptomatic individuals.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: Group one ( = 18) received a lumbar manipulation followed by a cervical manipulation.

Urothelial cell transplantation using biodegradable synthetic scaffolds.

Reconstruction of the urinary bladder with bowel to restore storage capacity is associated with significant complications arising from substituting an absorptive, mucus-producing intestinal epithelium for the barrier urothelium of the bladder. To overcome these problems, we are developing a "composite enterocystoplasty" procedure to replace the epithelium of the bowel with autologous in vitro-propagated normal urothelial cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate synthetic biomaterials as delivery vehicles for the cultured urothelial cells and provide support during transfer and cell adherence to the de-epithelialized bowel wall.

Reconstitution of human urothelium from monolayer cultures.

Purpose: We established a 3-dimensional organ culture model of urinary tract tissue in which to study the effects of seeding cultured urothelial cells onto de-epithelialized urothelial stroma.

Materials And Methods: Normal human urinary tract tissues were placed in organ culture or used to establish urothelial cell cultures. At passage 2 cell cultures were harvested and used to reconstitute autologous organ cultures by seeding onto de-epithelialized stroma.

Stromal and vascular invasion in an human in vitro bladder cancer model.

In transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, disease spread may occur through local invasion of the bladder wall and/or via hematogenous dissemination. Although the metastatic phenotype is well studied, little is known about the mechanisms that determine and regulate secondary dispersion via stromal and vascular routes. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro system to study TCC invasion using normal human urinary tract stroma in organ culture.