Human Impacts on Great Lakes Walleye Sander vitreus Structure, Diversity and Local Adaptation.

Artificial propagation and wild release may influence the genetic integrity of wild populations. This practice has been prevalent in fisheries for centuries and is often termed 'stocking'. In the Laurentian Great Lakes (Great Lakes here-on), walleye populations faced declines from the 1950s to the 1970s, prompting extensive stocking efforts for restoration.

Assessing the Efficacy of Three Hatchery Disinfectants for the Inactivation of a Lake Sturgeon Herpesvirus (Family: ).

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of losses in the aquaculture industry and conservation programs globally. Simultaneously, infectious diseases pose a substantial risk to fish being hatchery-reared and released into natural habitats for conservation purposes, including the Great Lakes lake sturgeon (, i.e.

Results From Complex Abdominal Reconstruction at Non-Academic Institution can Favorably Compare to Major Academic Centers: An Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative Database Review.

Background: Many complex abdominal hernias are referred to tertiary academic institutions for evaluation and treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes from complex abdominal hernia repairs and abdominal wall reconstructions at a community hospital vs high volume academic centers participating in Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC).

Methods: Patients undergoing elective complex abdominal hernia repair were identified in our community setting and treated between 2016 and 2019.

The impact of primary colonizers on the community composition of river biofilm.

As a strategy for minimizing microbial infections in fish hatcheries, we have investigated how putatively probiotic bacterial populations influence biofilm formation. All surfaces that are exposed to the aquatic milieu develop a microbial community through the selective assembly of microbial populations into a surface-adhering biofilm. In the investigations reported herein, we describe laboratory experiments designed to determine how initial colonization of a surface by nonpathogenic isolates from sturgeon eggs influence the subsequent assembly of populations from a pelagic river community, into the existing biofilm.

Evaluating the utility of effective breeding size estimates for monitoring sea lamprey spawning abundance.

Sea lamprey () is an invasive species that is a significant source of mortality for populations of valued fish species across the North American Great Lakes. Large annual control programs are needed to reduce the species' impacts; however, the number of successfully spawning adults cannot currently be accurately assessed. In this study, effective breeding size ( ) and the minimum number of spawning adults ( ) were estimated for larval cohorts from 17 tributaries across all five Great Lakes using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped via RAD-capture sequencing.

Recovery of the gut microbiome following enteric infection and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes in specific microbial hosts.

Enteric pathogens cause widespread foodborne illness and are increasingly resistant to important antibiotics yet their ecological impact on the gut microbiome and resistome is not fully understood. Herein, shotgun metagenome sequencing was applied to stool DNA from 60 patients (cases) during an enteric bacterial infection and after recovery (follow-ups). Overall, the case samples harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) with greater resistome diversity than the follow-up samples (p < 0.

Individual-based analyses reveal effects of behavioral and demographic variables associated with multi-annual reproductive success of male and female lake sturgeon.

Quantifying effects of individual attributes and population demographic characteristics that affect inter- and intrasexual interactions and adult reproductive success, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which they are expressed is important to effective species management. Multi-year individual-based analyses using genetically determined parentage allowed the examination of variables associated with the reproductive success of male and female lake sturgeon () in the well-studied population in Black Lake, Michigan, USA. Spawning lake sturgeon (a total of 599 individuals where many were captured more than once based on 1024 total captures) and larvae ( = 3436) were genotyped during each of seven consecutive years (2001-2007).

Behavioral evidence of olfactory imprinting during embryonic and larval stages in lake sturgeon.

Many migratory fishes are thought to navigate to natal streams using olfactory cues learned during early life stages. However, direct evidence for early-life olfactory imprinting is largely limited to Pacific salmon, and other species suspected to imprint show life history traits and reproductive strategies that raise uncertainty about the generality of the salmonid-based conceptual model of olfactory imprinting in fishes. Here, we studied early-life olfactory imprinting in lake sturgeon (), which have a life cycle notably different from Pacific salmon, but are nonetheless hypothesized to home via similar mechanisms.

Determination of thyroid hormones in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) tissues at different developmental stages using a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to play an important role in the growth and development of vertebrates. In fish species, TH regulates the larval-juvenile metamorphosis, and is crucial for development during early life stages. Monitoring the variations in TH levels at different life stages can provide insights into the regulation of metamorphosis and fish development.

SIM2s directed Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes mammary epithelial cell differentiation.

The functionally differentiated mammary gland adapts to extreme levels of stress from increased demand for energy by activating specific protective mechanisms to support neonatal health. Here, we identify the breast tumor suppressor gene, single-minded 2 s (SIM2s) as a novel regulator of mitophagy, a key component of this stress response. Using tissue-specific mouse models, we found that loss of Sim2 reduced lactation performance, whereas gain (overexpression) of Sim2s enhanced and extended lactation performance and survival of mammary epithelial cells (MECs).

A new GTSeq resource to facilitate multijurisdictional research and management of walleye .

Conservation and management professionals often work across jurisdictional boundaries to identify broad ecological patterns. These collaborations help to protect populations whose distributions span political borders. One common limitation to multijurisdictional collaboration is consistency in data recording and reporting.

First Isolation of a Herpesvirus (Family ) from Great Lakes Lake Sturgeon ().

The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens; LST) is the only native sturgeon species in the Great Lakes (GL), but due to multiple factors, their current populations are estimated to be <1% of historical abundances. Little is known about infectious diseases affecting GL-LST in hatchery and wild settings. Therefore, a two-year disease surveillance study was undertaken, resulting in the detection and first in vitro isolation of a herpesvirus from grossly apparent cutaneous lesions in wild adult LST inhabiting two GL watersheds (Erie and Huron).

Aquatic insects differentially affect lake sturgeon larval phenotypes and egg surface microbial communities.

Documentation of how interactions among members of different stream communities [e.g., microbial communities and aquatic insect taxa exhibiting different feeding strategies (FS)] collectively influence the growth, survival, and recruitment of stream fishes is limited.

Hatchery and wild larval lake sturgeon experience effects of captivity on stress reactivity, behavior and predation risk.

Reintroduction programs are important tools for wildlife conservation. However, captive rearing environments may lead to maladaptive behavior and physiological alterations that reduce survival probability after release. For captive rearing programs that raise individuals captured from the wild during early ontogeny for later release, there is a lack of information about when during ontogeny the detrimental effects of captive rearing may become evident.

Compositional Dynamics of Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiomes Associated with Dietary Transition and Feeding Cessation in Lake Sturgeon Larvae.

Compromised nutritional conditions associated with dietary transitions and feeding cessation in the wild and during fish aquaculture operations are common and can impact growth and survival. These effects are especially prevalent during early ontogenetic stages. We quantified phenotypic and GI tract microbial community responses with an emphasis on protease-producing bacteria of lake sturgeon () larvae, a species of aquacultural and conservational importance.

Changes in Lake Sturgeon Gut Microbiomes Relative to Founding Origin and in Response to Chemotherapeutant Treatments.

Antibiotics, drugs, and chemicals (collectively referred to as chemotherapeutants) are widely embraced in fish aquaculture as important tools to control or prevent disease outbreaks. Potential negative effects include changes in microbial community composition and diversity during early life stages, which can reverse the beneficial roles of gut microbiota for the maintenance of host physiological processes and homeostatic regulation. We characterized the gut microbial community composition and diversity of an ecologically and economically important fish species, the lake sturgeon (), during the early larval period in response to weekly treatments using chemotherapeutants commonly used in aquaculture (chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl followed by hydrogen peroxide) relative to untreated controls.

Pedigree analysis and estimates of effective breeding size characterize sea lamprey reproductive biology.

The sea lamprey () is an invasive species in the Great Lakes and the focus of a large control and assessment program. Current assessment methods provide information on the census size of spawning adult sea lamprey in a small number of streams, but information characterizing reproductive success of spawning adults is rarely available. We used RAD-capture sequencing to genotype single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for ~1600 sea lamprey larvae collected from three streams in northern Michigan (Black Mallard, Pigeon, and Ocqueoc Rivers).

Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Review and Illustrative Case Vignette.

In this fictional case vignette, the authors illustrate the inclusive criteria and supportive-interruptive continuum techniques utilized in brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT), a therapeutic strategy designed to shorten psychotherapy from months to weeks in certain types of patients. The authors provide examples of a fictional dialogue between a young adult patient with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and ruminating thoughts and her therapist to demonstrate how the therapeutic techniques of BPT (interpretation, confrontation, clarification, encouragement to elaborate, empathic validation, advice and praise, and affirmation) can be used in clinical practice. Each example dialogue is followed by a brief practice point discussion reviewing the technique(s) used.

Quantifying nonlinear temporal effects of ethanol preservation on round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) anatomical traits.

Geometric morphometrics provides a powerful means of evaluating differences in phenotypic traits among specimens. However, inferences of trait variability can be confounded when measurements are based on preserved samples. We evaluated effects of ethanol preservation on morphology over a 22-week time period for a Laurentian Great Lakes invasive fish, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814), using sets of 17 lateral and six dorsal landmarks.

A chromosome-anchored genome assembly for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush).

Here, we present an annotated, chromosome-anchored, genome assembly for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) - a highly diverse salmonid species of notable conservation concern and an excellent model for research on adaptation and speciation. We leveraged Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing, paired-end Illumina sequencing, proximity ligation (Hi-C) sequencing, and a previously published linkage map to produce a highly contiguous assembly composed of 7378 contigs (contig N50 = 1.8 Mb) assigned to 4120 scaffolds (scaffold N50 = 44.

A recovery network leads to the natural recolonization of an archipelago and a potential trailing edge refuge.

Rapid environmental change is reshaping ecosystems and driving species loss globally. Carnivore populations have declined and retracted rapidly and have been the target of numerous translocation projects. Success, however, is complicated when these efforts occur in novel ecosystems.

Spatial genetic structure and landscape connectivity in black bears: Investigating the significance of using different land cover datasets and classifications in landscape genetics analyses.

Landscape genetic analyses allow detection of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and quantification of effects of landscape features on gene flow and connectivity. Typically, analyses require generation of resistance surfaces. These surfaces characteristically take the form of a grid with cells that are coded to represent the degree to which landscape or environmental features promote or inhibit animal movement.

Effects of Hatchery Rearing Density, Handling, and Nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection Prevalence in Juvenile Chinook Salmon.

Bacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS), is a chronic and often fatal disease of salmonid species, and can be particularly harmful to hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A considerable amount of research has focused on the prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission; however, a comparatively little amount has investigated factors that increase the prevalence of RS infection in captive environments. We evaluated the effects of three common hatchery conditions (handling, nutrition level, and rearing density) on RS infection prevalence.