Efficacy of myo-inositol and zinc on insulin resistance in a paediatric population with obesity.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of the combined administration of myo-inositol and zinc, a mineral involved in the insulin pathway, in paediatric obesity with insulin resistance on HOMA-IR, glucose-insulin metabolism, and lipid profile.

Materials And Methods: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted in North Italy. Fifty-six patients (10-18 years, Tanner stage ≥3) with obesity and insulin resistance were randomized to myo-inositol (2000 mg), zinc gluconate (5 mg), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from plant-based origin (1000 mg) (TRT) or placebo (PLC) containing only GOS from plant-based origin (1000 mg).

The "Ideal Birth": The Occurrence of Severe Perineal Lacerations, Related Factors and the Possibility of Identifying Patients at Higher Risk.

Background: Obstetric lesions of the anal sphincter (OASIS) are tears intersecting the structure of the anus after vaginal delivery. Our aim is to provide data on the incidence of OASIS and investigate potentially connected risk factors.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 464 parturient patients admitted to the AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara (Italy), in the last ten years (2013-2023), comparing 116 cases (with OASIS) versus 348 controls (with no OASIS).

Circulating GLAST EVs are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder, hallmarked by the gradual deterioration of motor neurons, culminating in muscle weakness and fatal paralysis. The exact etiology of ALS remains elusive, and there is a critical need for reliable biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, giving access to pathologically relevant tissues otherwise typically challenging or invasive to sample.

AMTAC-19, a Spiro-Acridine Compound, Induces In Vitro Antitumor Effect via the ROS-ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway.

Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of mortality worldwide. A spiro-acridine derivative, ()-1'-((4-bromobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-19), showed significant cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 10.35 ± 1.

MuDRA-Based Virtual Screening of Terpenes for Anti-Leishmania Infantum Activity: In Vitro Validation and Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Docking.

Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania parasites, presents a major global health challenge due to limitations of existing treatments, including toxicity, side effects, drug resistance, and high costs. This study utilized the MuDRA (Multi-Descriptor Read Across) model for virtual screening to identify potential anti-Leishmania infantum compounds. A set of 15 terpenes and steroids was screened, leading to the identification of four promising candidates-lupeol, xylodiol, morolic acid, and trachyloban-18-oic acid.

Diterpenes: An Updated Review Concerning Their Structural Diversity, Therapeutic Performance, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications.

The family is a rich source of bioactive terpenoids. Among its genera, is a conspicuous producer of diterpenes and includes approximately 175 species, many of which have medicinal uses. To date, 140 diterpenes from (JTDs) have been reported.

Our Experience With 200 Cases of Inguinal Hernia Repair Using the Dynamic Self-Adjusting Prosthesis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Introduction Inguinal hernioplasty (IH) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures globally. Today, a variety of surgical techniques and prosthesis types are available for this procedure. Methods At our center, we performed 200 inguinal hernioplasties using the dynamic self-adjusting prosthesis (protesi autoregolantesi dinamica PAD) from May 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023.

MolPredictX: A Pioneer Mobile App Version for Online Biological Activity Predictions by Machine Learning Models.

MolPredictX is a free-access web tool in which it is possible to analyze the prediction of biological activity of chemical molecules. MolPredictX has been available online to the general public for just over a year and has now gone through its first update. We also developed its version for android, being the first free app capable of predicting biological activities.

The Multitarget Action of Vitamins in the Ischemic Stroke.

A stroke, also known as a cerebral hemorrhage, occurs when there is an interruption in the blood supply to a part of the brain, resulting in damage to brain cells. This issue is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, currently killing about 5 million people annually. Individuals who survive ischemic stroke often face serious vision problems, paralysis, dementia, and other sequelae.

and evaluation of the anti-leishmania activity of synthetic chalcones.

Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected, vector-borne infectious diseases that affect millions of people around the world. The medications available for its treatment, especially in cases of visceral leishmaniasis, are old, outdated and have serious side effects. In this work, 10 chalcones were synthesised and evaluated against promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of .

Synergistic effect of new pyrimidine derivative with oxacilin against methicillin-resistant .

This work aimed to synthesize a new pyrimidine with potential application against antimicrobial resistance. was synthesized through condensation reaction between and . The antimicrobial evaluation was carried out using the microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton Agar and predictions using different software.

Analysis of the costs of adverse events in the public healthcare system of the Lombardy Region over five-year period 2016-2021.

The monitoring of litigation (i.e., claims received by the public healthcare system of the Lombardy Region) is started following the implementation of the "Circolare 46/SAN/2004" by evaluating the risk management activities carried out over a five-year period (2016-2021) and following a systematic approach by the regional risk management coordination group.

Computational and ADMET Predictions of Novel Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of BuChE and GSK-3β to Combat Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a serious and widespread neurodegenerative illness in the modern healthcare scenario. GSK-3β and BuChE are prominent enzymatic targets associated with Alzheimer's disease. Co-targeting GSK3β and BChE in Alzheimer's disease helps to modify disease progression and enhance cognitive function by addressing both tau pathology and cholinergic deficits.

Minimally invasive interventional procedures for osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: to summarize the evidence on the efficacy of minimally invasive interventional procedures such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients with osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis.

Methods: a literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) were included.

Antihyperalgesic effect of γ-terpinene complexed in β-cyclodextrin on neuropathic pain model induced by tumor cells.

Neuropathic pain is a high-intensity pain that can be caused by compression, transection, injury, nerve infiltration and drug treatment of cancer. Furthermore, drug therapy has low clinical efficacy, many adverse effects and remission of painful symptoms. In this way, natural products derived from plants constitute a promising therapeutic alternative.

In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Terpenes from the Fabaceae Family Using the Phenotypic Screening Model against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

In 2019, the emergence of the seventh known coronavirus to cause severe illness in humans triggered a global effort towards the development of new drugs and vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These efforts are still ongoing in 2024, including the present work where we conducted a ligand-based virtual screening of terpenes with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We constructed a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model from compounds with known activity against SARS-CoV-2 with a model accuracy of 0.

Multitarget Compounds for Neglected Diseases: A Review.

Neglected diseases are a group of infectious diseases, many of them parasitic, that mainly affect the poorest populations with limited access to health services, especially those living in remote rural areas and slums. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neglected diseases put the lives of more than 200 million people at risk, and treatment is made difficult by the occurrence of resistance to existing medications, as well as the high level of toxicity. In this way, the potential of multitarget compounds is highlighted, defined as compounds designed to modulate multiple targets of relevance to disease, with the overall goal of enhancing efficacy and/or improving safety.

Shotgun Proteomics Links Proteoglycan-4 Extracellular Vesicles to Cognitive Protection in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder lacking reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring. This study aimed to identify the novel biomarkers in plasmatic extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from ALS patients and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 61 ALS patients and 30 age-matched HCs were enrolled in the study and the protein content of circulating EVs was analyzed by shotgun proteomics.

In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of a New Chromone Derivative against spp.

species are frequently implicated in the development of both superficial and invasive fungal infections, which can impact vital organs. In the quest for novel strategies to combat fungal infections, there has been growing interest in exploring synthetic and semi-synthetic products, particularly chromone derivatives, renowned for their antimicrobial properties. In the analysis of the antifungal activity of the compound ()-benzylidene-chroman-4-one against , in silico and laboratory tests were performed to predict possible mechanisms of action pathways, and in vitro tests were performed to determine antifungal activity (MIC and MFC), to verify potential modes of action on the fungal cell membrane and wall, and to assess cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes.

The Role of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis Onset: A Prospective Study Using UK Biobank.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune condition primarily affecting young adults, and its rise is evident globally. Despite this, its precise etiology remains elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to MS susceptibility; however, the link between diet and MS lacks substantial evidence due to limited large-scale studies.

Design and Validation of MEDOC, a Tool to Assess the Combined Adherence to Mediterranean and Western Dietary Patterns.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) and Western diet (WD) are poles apart as dietary patterns. Despite the availability of epidemiological tools to estimate the adherence to MD, to date, there is a lack of combined scores. We developed MEDOC, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to calculate a combined adherence score for both diets and validated it on 213 subjects.

Post-stroke spasticity: follow-up and functional implications of chronic long-term treatment with botulinum toxin.

Background: Around 40% of stroke survivor develop spasticity. Plantar flexors (PF) muscles are often affected, with severe functional impairment. The treatment of choice is botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) combined with adjuvant treatments.