A set of multidimensional indicators to assess the resilience and attractiveness of Italian provinces and municipalities (2010-2022 panel data).

This article provides a panel dataset on four capital dimensions (economic, human, social and physical) to study and promote the attractiveness and resilience of Italian territories. The dataset is articulated at the provincial and municipal level for the period 2010-2022. Data have been sourced from different open data repositories or collected through scraping downloads and have been elaborated in order to generate novel territorial indicators.

A near X-point charge exchange neutral spectroscopy (CENS) system for DIII-D.

A 16 channel spectroscopy system has been installed on DIII-D to provide information about the energy distribution of the atomic neutrals using the Doppler shift and broadening of passive Balmer-α emission. The lines of sight are dominantly in the toroidal direction, with tangencies near the lowest point on closed magnetic flux surfaces moving from the lower divertor upward into the confined plasma. This allows the system to provide details of the neutrals as they undergo various atomic physics processes while traveling upward from the lower divertor.

Identifying divertor detachment using a machine learning model trained on divertor camera images from DIII-D.

This paper describes the application of a machine learning (ML) algorithm using a convolution neural network, first developed in Boyer et al. ["Classification and prediction of detachment in DIII-D using neural networks trained on C III imaging," Nucl. Fusion (submitted) (2024)], to detect divertor detachment in DIII-D.

A Methodology for Shielding-Gas Selection in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing with Stainless Steel.

The main objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a methodology for shielding-gas selection in additive manufacturing assisted by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with an austenitic stainless steel as feedstock. To validate the proposed methodology, the impact of multi-component gases was valued using three different Ar-based blends recommended as shielding gas for GMA (gas metal arc) of the target material, using CMT (cold metal transfer) as the process version. This assessment considered features that potentially affect the building of the case study of thin walls, such as metal transfer regularity, deposition time, and geometrical and metallurgical characteristics.

Broadening of the Divertor Heat Flux Profile in High Confinement Tokamak Fusion Plasmas with Edge Pedestals Limited by Turbulence in DIII-D.

Multimachine empirical scaling predicts an extremely narrow heat exhaust layer in future high magnetic field tokamaks, producing high power densities that require mitigation. In the experiments presented, the width of this exhaust layer is nearly doubled using actuators to increase turbulent transport in the plasma edge. This is achieved in low collisionality, high confinement edge pedestals with their gradients limited by turbulent transport instead of large-scale, coherent instabilities.

Exploring drivers of overnight stays and same-day visits in the tourism sector.

We employ mobile network data referred to the area of Lombardy in Italy to investigate alternative touristic behaviours, such as same-day visits and overnight stays in Italy. We show that larger availability of tourism accommodations, cultural and natural endowments are relevant factors explaining overnight stays. Conversely, temporary entertainment and transportation facilities increase municipalities attractiveness for same-day visits.

Three-tiered authentication of herbal traditional Chinese medicine ingredients used in women's health provides progressive qualitative and quantitative insight.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal products are increasingly used in Europe, but prevalent authentication methods have significant gaps in detection. In this study, three authentication methods were tested in a tiered approach to improve accuracy on a collection of 51 TCM plant ingredients obtained on the European market. We show the relative performance of conventional barcoding, metabarcoding and standardized chromatographic profiling for TCM ingredients used in one of the most diagnosed disease patterns in women, endometriosis.

Calibration improvements expand filterscope diagnostic use.

The filterscope diagnostic on DIII-D utilizes photomultiplier tubes to measure visible light emission from the plasma. The system has undergone a substantial upgrade since previous attempts to cross-calibrate the filterscope with other spectroscopic diagnostics were unsuccessful. The optics now utilize a dichroic mirror to initially split the light at nearly 99% transmission or reflectance for light below or above 550 nm.

Robust Avoidance of Edge-Localized Modes alongside Gradient Formation in the Negative Triangularity Tokamak Edge.

In a series of high performance diverted discharges on DIII-D, we demonstrate that strong negative triangularity (NT) shaping robustly suppresses all edge-localized mode (ELM) activity over a wide range of plasma conditions: ⟨n⟩=0.1-1.5×10^{20}  m^{-3}, P_{aux}=0-15  MW, and |B_{t}|=1-2.

Predicting economic resilience of territories in Italy during the COVID-19 first lockdown.

This paper aims to predict the economic resilience to crises of territories based on local pre-existing socioeconomic characteristics. Specifically, we consider the case of Italian municipalities during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, leveraging a large-scale dataset of cardholders performing transactions in Point-of-Sales. Based on a set of machine learning classifiers, we show that network-based measures and variables related to the social, economic, demographic and environmental dimensions are relevant predictors of the economic resilience of Italian municipalities to the crisis.

Dynamically aggregating MLPs and CNNs for skin lesion segmentation with geometry regularization.

Background And Objective: Melanoma is a highly malignant skin tumor. Accurate segmentation of skin lesions from dermoscopy images is pivotal for computer-aided diagnosis of melanoma. However, blurred lesion boundaries, variable lesion shapes, and other interference factors pose a challenge in this regard.

Improved Particle Confinement with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in DIII-D Tokamak H-Mode Plasmas.

Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have identified a novel regime in which applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) increase the particle confinement and overall performance. This Letter details a robust range of counter-current rotation over which RMPs cause this density pump-in effect for high confinement (H mode) plasmas. The pump in is shown to be caused by a reduction of the turbulent transport and to be correlated with a change in the sign of the induced neoclassical transport.

Quality evaluation of commercial herbal products using chemical methods.

Herbal products comprise a wide spectrum of locally, nationally or internationally commercialized commodities. As these products have an increasingly important position in healthcare systems worldwide, a detailed product quality assessment is of crucial importance. For the quality evaluation of commercial herbal products, a wide range of methods were used, from simpler, quicker, and cost-effective HPTLC, to hyphenated methods with MS or NMR, where more precise quantification or specific structural information is required.

Responsiveness of open innovation to COVID-19 pandemic: The case of data for good.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world are facing one of the most severe health and economic crises of recent history and human society is called to figure out effective responses. However, as current measures have not produced valuable solutions, a multidisciplinary and open approach, enabling collaborations across private and public organizations, is crucial to unleash successful contributions against the disease. Indeed, the COVID-19 represents a Grand Challenge to which joint forces and extension of disciplinary boundaries have been recognized as main imperatives.

Algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for active myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To propose an algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for macular myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study was based in Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy. Two authors evaluated the clinical and imaging parameters of eyes with high myopia (spherical equivalent of -6D or less) and suspected to have naïve, recurrent, or inactive mCNV.

Socioeconomic differences and persistent segregation of Italian territories during COVID-19 pandemic.

Lockdowns implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted human mobility flows around the globe to an unprecedented extent and with economic consequences which are unevenly distributed across territories, firms and individuals. Here we study socioeconomic determinants of mobility disruption during both the lockdown and the recovery phases in Italy. For this purpose, we analyze a massive data set on Italian mobility from February to October 2020 and we combine it with detailed data on pre-existing local socioeconomic features of Italian administrative units.

Treating Chronic Wounds Using Photoactive Metabolites: Data Mining the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Potential Lead Species.

Efficient wound treatment that addresses associated infections and inflammation remains one of the big unmet needs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. One strategy for securing better healthcare can be using medicinal plants if sufficient evidence on their safety and therapeutic benefits can be ascertained. A unique novel opportunity could be photo-enhanced wound treatment with a combination of light-sensitive plant preparations and local exposure to daylight.

Seven-day Oral Intake of Orthosiphon stamineus Leaves Infusion Exerts Antiadhesive Ex Vivo Activity Against Uropathogenic E. coli in Urine Samples.

leaves (Java tea) extract is traditionally used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. According to recent data, animal infection studies, and transcriptomic investigations, polymethoxylated flavones from Java tea exert antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic (UPEC). This antiadhesive activity has been shown to reduce bladder and kidney lesion in a mice infection model.

Medicinal plants from the Himalayan region for potential novel antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory skin treatments.

Background And Objectives: Adequate treatment of wounds remains one of the major medical needs globally, most notably in the regions with poor or limited access to health care. In many local and traditional systems of medicine, plants are often widely used for treating infected wounds.

Aim And Objectives: The overarching aim of this project was selection of potential species for use in a future treatment by combining with plant resources with aspects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).

Coherent MIMO radar network enabled by photonics with unprecedented resolution.

The conventional concept of radar is based on stand-alone and independent apparatuses. Superior performance is possible, exploiting distributed points of view (i.e.

Access and Benefit Sharing Under the Nagoya Protocol-? Six Latin American Case Studies Assessing Opportunities and Risk.

Background: Global challenges related to access and benefit sharing (ABS) of biological resources have become a key concern in the area of research on herbal medicines, ethnopharmacology, drug discovery, and the development of other high value products for which Intellectual Property protection can be secured. While the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, Rio 1992) has been recognized as a huge step forward, the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol (NP) and of new forms of collaboration often remain unresolved, especially in the context of "the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources" (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2011). The vision and the specific implementation of this international treaty vary from country to country, which poses additional challenges.

Clinical Trials for COVID-19: Can we Better Use the Short Window of Opportunity?

The scientific community has risen to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge, coming up with an impressive list of candidate drugs and vaccines targeting an array of pharmacological and immunological mechanisms. Yet, generating clinical evidence of efficacy and safety of these candidate treatments may be frustrated by the absence of comprehensive trial coordination mechanisms. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions.

Dystrophic calcification and respiratory metaplasia in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts: a study of 362 odontogenic cysts in a Brazilian population and literature review.

Purpose: Main study: undertake a histological study of odontogenic cysts (OC) to determine the prevalence of dystrophic calcification and metaplasia to respiratory epithelium on a Brazilian population.

Literature Review: to review the literature for studies that investigated the prevalence of respiratory metaplasia and dystrophic calcification on OC.

Methods: Main study: a retrospective histopathological evaluation was made of the archives from a pathology laboratory.