Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

Application of machine learning algorithms to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Background: Critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have greater antibody titers than those with mild to moderate illness, but their association with recovery or death from COVID-19 has not been characterized.

Methods: In a cohort study of 178 COVID-19 patients, 73 non-hospitalized and 105 hospitalized patients, mucosal swabs and plasma samples were collected at hospital enrollment and up to 3 months post-enrollment (MPE) to measure virus RNA, cytokines/chemokines, binding antibodies, ACE2 binding inhibition, and Fc effector antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. The association of demographic variables and more than 20 serological antibody measures with intubation or death due to COVID-19 was determined using machine learning algorithms.

Measurable residual mutated IDH2 before allogeneic transplant for acute myeloid leukemia.

Routine genetic profiling of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at initial diagnosis has allowed subgroup specific prognostication, drug development, and clinical management strategies. The optimal approach for treatment response assessment for AML subgroups has not yet however been determined. A nationwide cohort of 257 adult patients in first remission (CR1) from AML associated with an IDH2 mutation (IDH2m) undergoing allogeneic transplant during the period 2013-2019 in the United States had rates of relapse and survival three years after transplantation of 24% and 71%, respectively.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Immunogenicity in American Indian/Alaska Native Infants.

Objectives: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants historically experienced a disproportionate burden of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, especially early in life. PedvaxHIB vaccine is preferentially recommended for AI/AN infants because it elicits protective antibody levels postdose 1. Vaxelis, a hexavalent vaccine that contains the same Hib conjugate as PedvaxHIB but at lower concentration, is recommended for US children, but postdose 1 Hib immunogenicity data are needed to inform whether a preferential recommendation should be made for AI/AN infants.

Statistical modeling of acute and chronic pain patient-reported outcomes obtained from ecological momentary assessment.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows for the collection of participant-reported outcomes (PROs), including pain, in the normal environment at high resolution and with reduced recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment is an important component in studies of pain, providing detailed information about the frequency, intensity, and degree of interference of individuals' pain. However, there is no universally agreed on standard for summarizing pain measures from repeated PRO assessment using EMA into a single, clinically meaningful measure of pain.

Glucose Color Index: Development and Validation of a Novel Measure of the Shape of Glycemic Variability.

Background: Standard continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics: mean glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and time in range, fail to capture the shape of variability in the CGM time series. This information could facilitate improved diabetes management.

Methods: We analyzed CGM data from 141 adults with type 2 diabetes in the Hyperglycemic Profiles in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (HYPNOS) trial.

Application of machine learning models to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Critically ill people with COVID-19 have greater antibody titers than those with mild to moderate illness, but their association with recovery or death from COVID-19 has not been characterized. In 178 COVID-19 patients, 73 non-hospitalized and 105 hospitalized patients, mucosal swabs and plasma samples were collected at hospital enrollment and up to 3 months post-enrollment (MPE) to measure virus RNA, cytokines/chemokines, binding antibodies, ACE2 binding inhibition, and Fc effector antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. The association of demographic variables and >20 serological antibody measures with intubation or death due to COVID-19 was determined using machine learning algorithms.

Association between antenatal care facility readiness and provision of care at the client level and facility level in five low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Despite growing interest in monitoring improvements in quality of care, data on service quality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. While health systems researchers have hypothesized the relationship between facility readiness and provision of care, there have been few attempts to quantify this relationship in LMICs. This study assesses the association between facility readiness and provision of care for antenatal care at the client level and facility level.

Risk factors for neonatal mortality: an observational cohort study in Sarlahi district of rural southern Nepal.

Objectives: To assess the association between maternal characteristics, adverse birth outcomes (small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and/or preterm) and neonatal mortality in rural Nepal.

Design: This is a secondary observational analysis to identify risk factors for neonatal mortality, using data from a randomised trial to assess the impact of newborn massage with different oils on neonatal mortality in Sarlahi district, Nepal.

Setting: Rural Sarlahi district, Nepal.

Measurable Residual before Allogeneic Transplant for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission is an important prognostic marker, but detection methodology requires optimization. The persistence of mutated or -ITD in the blood of adult patients with AML in first complete remission (CR1) prior to allogeneic hematopoetic cell transplant (alloHCT) has been established as associated with increased relapse and death after transplant. The prognostic implications of persistence of other common AML-associated mutations, such as , at this treatment landmark however remains incompletely defined.

Learning and Predicting from Dynamic Models for COVID-19 Patient Monitoring.

COVID-19 has challenged health systems to learn how to learn. This paper describes the context, methods and challenges for learning to improve COVID-19 care at one academic health center. Challenges to learning include: (1) choosing a right clinical target; (2) designing methods for accurate predictions by borrowing strength from prior patients' experiences; (3) communicating the methodology to clinicians so they understand and trust it; (4) communicating the predictions to the patient at the moment of clinical decision; and (5) continuously evaluating and revising the methods so they adapt to changing patients and clinical demands.

Health Disparities in Lapses in Diabetic Retinopathy Care.

Objective: To develop a novel methodology to identify lapses in diabetic retinopathy care in electronic health records (EHRs) and evaluate health disparities by race and ethnicity.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: Adult patients with diabetes mellitus who were evaluated at the Wilmer Eye Institute from January 1, 2013 to April 2, 2022.