Childhood Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Self-reported Bronchitic Symptoms in Adulthood.

Few studies have examined the effects of long-term childhood air pollution exposure on adult respiratory health, including whether childhood respiratory effects underlie this relation. To evaluate associations between childhood air pollution exposure and self-reported adult bronchitic symptoms while considering child respiratory health in the Southern California Children's Health Study. Exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone, and particulate matter <2.

The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Anxious Depression.

To determine the extent that treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in diverse clinical settings has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms and to contrast anxious and nonanxious depression subgroups in antidepressant effects. Within the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System Clinical Outcomes Registry, 1,820 patients were identified with a diagnosis of MDD (using , , or ) who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Global Anxiety Disoder-7 scale (GAD-7) at baseline and following at least 1 TMS treatment between May 2016 and January 2021. Anxious depression was defined as a baseline GAD-7 score of 10 or greater (n = 1,514) and nonanxious depression by GAD-7 scores below this threshold (n = 306).

Comparison of clinical outcomes with left unilateral and sequential bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) treatment of major depressive disorder in a large patient registry.

Background: It has been suggested that sequential bilateral (SBL) TMS, combining high frequency, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation and low frequency, right DLPFC stimulation, is more effective than unilateral TMS.

Objective: To contrast treatment outcomes of left unilateral (LUL) and SBL protocols.

Methods: Registry data were collected at 111 practice sites.

The Impact of Race on Perioperative and Patient-Reported Outcomes following Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Racial disparities are evident in multiple aspects of the perioperative care of breast cancer patients, but data examining whether such differences translate to clinical and patient-reported outcomes are limited. This study examined the impact of race on perioperative outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all breast cancer patients who underwent immediate autologous breast reconstruction at a single institution from 2010 to 2017 was conducted.

Comparison of clinical outcomes with two Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation treatment protocols for major depressive disorder.

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). The rest time between pulse trains is the inter-train interval (ITI). Since 2016, some TMS clinicians have adopted a stimulation protocol with shorter ITIs than were used in regulatory clinical trials.

Clinical outcomes in a large registry of patients with major depressive disorder treated with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Background: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, characterization of outcomes in routine clinical practice is needed, as well as identification of patient- and treatment-related outcome predictors. This study documented patient-rated (PHQ-9) and clinician-rated (CGI-S) clinical outcomes in the NeuroStar® Advanced Therapy System Clinical Outcomes Registry.

Acceptability and efficacy of partner notification for curable sexually transmitted infections in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Comprehensive case management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) includes partner notification. We reviewed the recent literature evaluating the acceptability and efficacy of partner notification strategies (i.e.

Experimental characterization and computational study of unique C,N-chelated lithium dianions.

The structure of a unique C,N-chelated dilithio dianion has been established as a solvated monomeric species using a combination of NMR and computational techniques. The highly ordered structure of the dianion may be important in its reactivity in an oxidative C-N bond-forming process.

Total synthesis of (+)-lyconadin A and related compounds via oxidative C-N bond formation.

The formation of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds is a fundamental bond construction in organic synthesis and is indispensable for the synthesis of alkaloid natural products. In the context of the synthesis of the architecturally complex Lycopodium alkaloid lyconadin A, we have discovered a highly efficient oxidative C-N bond forming reaction that relies on the union of a nitrogen anion and a carbon anion. Empirical evidence amassed during our synthetic studies suggests that the mechanism of the C-N bond forming process encompasses polar as well as radical processes.

A randomized controlled trial of a novel mixed monoamine reuptake inhibitor in adults with ADHD.

Background: NS2359 is a potent reuptake blocker of noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy, safety and cognitive function of NS2359 in adults with a DSM IV diagnosis of ADHD.

Methods: The study was a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, parallel group design in outpatient adults (18-55 years) testing 0.

Unified strategy for the synthesis of the "miscellaneous" lycopodium alkaloids: total synthesis of (+/-)-lyconadin A.

Total synthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloid lyconadin A was achieved in 18 steps starting from a readily available vinylogous ester and bromopicoline. The key step in the total synthesis is a proximity-driven oxidative C-N bond-forming reaction that yields the lyconadin pentacycle from a tetracyclic precursor. The key tetracycle, which has been prepared for the first time, is a versatile intermediate that may be utilized for the total synthesis of a variety of Lycopodium alkaloids.

Gender differences in 2 clinical trials of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective data analysis.

Introduction: Studies show that, in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), boys have the combined type with externalizing behaviors more frequently, and girls have the inattentive type with increased internalizing disorders more frequently.

Method: This study explored gender differences in adults with ADHD in 2 large, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies conducted from 2000 to 2001. Information collected included 2 measures of ADHD, multiple psychological measures, general physical symptoms, and treatment response.

ABT-089, a neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: results of a pilot study.

Background: This pilot study was designed to evaluate ABT-089, a neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist, as treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Adults with ADHD received placebo, 2 mg, 4 mg, or 20 mg of ABT-089 for 2 weeks each in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4 x 4 Latin square design for a total of 8 weeks. In addition to the primary outcome, the Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS), secondary rating scales, and neuropsychological and safety assessments were completed.

Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD and response to atomoxetine.

Background: Before 1980, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was called minimal brain dysfunction and included emotional symptoms now listed as "associated features" in DSM-IV. Data from two multicenter, placebo-controlled studies with 536 patients were reexamined to assess: 1) the pervasiveness of these symptoms in samples of adults with ADHD; 2) the response of these symptoms to atomoxetine; and 3) their association with depressive/anxiety symptoms.

Methods: The Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (WRAADDS) was used to assess temper, affective lability, and emotional overreactivity, thus identifying patients exhibiting "emotional dysregulation.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: d,l-threo-methylphenidate HCl (D,L-MPH) is the most common treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A previous report showed placebo-controlled efficacy for the purified d-isomer (dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, d-MPH, Focalin) with a 2:1 potency compared to dl, and suggested a 6-hour duration of action. This study complements that report by studying the effect of placebo-controlled discontinuation and retesting the duration of action.

Changes in symptoms and adverse events after discontinuation of atomoxetine in children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective, placebo-controlled assessment.

Drugs that affect neurotransmitter release can induce changes in neuroregulation during chronic administration. Thus, in addition to recurrence of symptoms of the illness, discontinuation of treatment can be associated with clinical signs and symptoms related to these changes. Atomoxetine, a new drug approved in the United States for treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is associated with blockade of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter.

Ziprasidone in the treatment of acute bipolar mania: a three-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Objective: The study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone, compared with placebo, in the treatment of adult patients with acute bipolar mania.

Method: Patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder and a current manic or mixed episode (confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition) (N=210) were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to 3 weeks of double-blind treatment with ziprasidone (40-80 mg twice daily) or placebo. Efficacy was assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Change Version (which contains the Mania Rating Scale), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scale, CGI improvement scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.

Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies.

Background: [corrected] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been less studied in adults than in children, and the treatment studies reported to date have been small, single-center trials. To assess the efficacy of atomoxetine, a new and highly selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, we conducted two large, multicenter treatment trials.

Methods: Two identical studies using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designs and a 10-week treatment period were conducted in adults with DSM-IV-defined ADHD as assessed by clinical history and confirmed by a structured interview (study I, n = 280; study II, n = 256).

Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: The authors assessed the efficacy of once-daily atomoxetine administration in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: In a double-blind study, children and adolescents with ADHD (N=171, age range=6-16 years) were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of treatment with either atomoxetine (administered once daily) or placebo.

Results: Outcomes among atomoxetine-treated patients were superior to those of the placebo treatment group as assessed by investigator, parent, and teacher ratings.