Daily and Peak Monitor Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) Values Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: NHANES 2011-12 and 2013-14.

The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) physical activity monitor datasets for 2011-12 and 2013-14 were released in late 2020.

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 61 to 85-year-olds: the CADENCE-Adults study.

Background: We previously demonstrated that a heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, rounded yet practical) cadence threshold of ≥ 100 steps/min was associated with absolutely-defined moderate intensity physical activity (i.

Cadence (steps/min) as an indicator of the walk-to-run transition.

Background: Humans naturally transition from walking to running at a point known as the walk-to-run transition (WRT). The WRT commonly occurs at a speed of ∼2.1 m/s (m/s) or a Froude number (dimensionless value considering leg length) of 0.

Cadence-based classification of moderate-intensity overground walking in 41- to 85-year-old adults.

Background: Walking cadence (steps/min) has emerged as a valid proxy of physical activity intensity, with consensus across numerous laboratory-based treadmill studies that ≥100 steps/min approximates absolutely defined moderate intensity (≥3 metabolic equivalents; METs). We recently reported that this cadence threshold had a classification accuracy of 73.3% for identifying moderate intensity during preferred pace overground walking in young adults.

A Transparent Method for Step Detection using an Acceleration Threshold.

Step-based metrics provide simple measures of ambulatory activity, yet device software either includes undisclosed proprietary step detection algorithms or simply do not compute step-based metrics. We aimed to develop and validate a simple algorithm to accurately detect steps across various ambulatory and non-ambulatory activities. Seventy-five adults (21-39 years) completed seven simulated activities of daily living (e.

A catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies during treadmill walking: the CADENCE-adults study.

Background: Standardized validation indices (i.e., accuracy, bias, and precision) provide a comprehensive comparison of step counting wearable technologies.

Classification of moderate-intensity overground walking speed in 21- to 85-year-old adults.

The Compendium of Physical Activities reports that walking at 2.5 mph associates with absolutely-defined moderate intensity (i.e.

Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity (Daily MIMS, Peak 30-Minute MIMS) and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: NHANES 2011-2014.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the dose-response association between habitual physical activity (PA) and cognitive function using a nationally representative data set of U.S. older adults aged ≥60 years.

Walking cadence (steps/min) and intensity in 61-85-year-old adults: the CADENCE-Adults study.

Background: Heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, rounded) cadences of ≥100 and ≥ 130 steps/min have consistently corresponded with absolutely-defined moderate (3 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and vigorous (6 METs) physical activity intensity, respectively, in adults 21-60 years of age.

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study.

Background: Heuristic cadence (steps/min) thresholds of ≥100 and ≥ 130 steps/min correspond with absolutely-defined moderate (3 metabolic equivalents [METs]; 1 MET = 3.5 mL O·kg·min) and vigorous (6 METs) intensity, respectively. Scarce evidence informs cadence thresholds for relatively-defined moderate (≥ 64% heart rate maximum [HR = 220-age], ≥ 40%HR reserve [HRR = HR -HR, and ≥ 12 Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE]); or vigorous intensity (≥ 77%HR, ≥ 60%HRR, and ≥ 14 RPE).

Using Cadence to Predict the Walk-to-Run Transition in Children and Adolescents: A Logistic Regression Approach.

The natural transition from walking to running occurs in adults at ≅140 steps/min. It is unknown when this transition occurs in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop a model to predict age- and anthropometry-specific preferred transition cadences in individuals 6-20 years of age.

Walking cadence (steps/min) and intensity in 41 to 60-year-old adults: the CADENCE-adults study.

Background: In younger adults (i.e., those < 40 years of age) a walking cadence of 100 steps/min is a consistently supported threshold indicative of absolutely-defined moderate intensity ambulation (i.

Toward Harmonized Treadmill-Based Validation of Step-Counting Wearable Technologies: A Scoping Review.

Background: The authors conducted a scoping review as a first step toward establishing harmonized (ie, consistent and compatible), empirically based best practices for validating step-counting wearable technologies.

Purpose: To catalog studies validating step-counting wearable technologies during treadmill ambulation.

Methods: The authors searched PubMed and SPORTDiscus in August 2019 to identify treadmill-based validation studies that employed the criterion of directly observed (including video recorded) steps and cataloged study sample characteristics, protocol details, and analytical procedures.

Development of a Cadence-based Metabolic Equation for Walking.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop cadence-based metabolic equations (CME) for predicting the intensity of level walking and evaluate these CME against the widely adopted American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Metabolic Equation, which predicts walking intensity from speed and grade.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five adults (21-84 yr of age) completed 5-min level treadmill walking bouts between 0.22 and 2.

Comparable Stride Time Fractal Dynamics and Gait Adaptability in Active Young and Older Adults Under Normal and Asymmetric Walking.

Previous research indicates the correlation structure of gait parameters (i.e., fractal dynamics) decreases with age.

Cadence-based Classification of Minimally Moderate Intensity During Overground Walking in 21- to 40-Year-Old Adults.

Background: A walking cadence of ≥100 steps/min corresponds to minimally moderate intensity, absolutely defined as ≥3 metabolic equivalents (METs). This threshold has primarily been calibrated during treadmill walking. There is a need to determine the classification accuracy of this cadence threshold to predict intensity during overground walking.

Using Music-Based Cadence Entrainment to Manipulate Walking Intensity.

Background: While previous studies indicate an auditory metronome can entrain cadence (in steps per minute), music may also evoke prescribed cadences and metabolic intensities.

Purpose: To determine how modulating the tempo of a single commercial song influences adults' ability to entrain foot strikes while walking and how this entrainment affects metabolic intensity.

Methods: Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women; mean [SD]: age 23.

Cardiometabolic thresholds for peak 30-min cadence and steps/day.

Purpose: To provide empirically-supported thresholds for step-based intensity (i.e., peak 30-min cadence; average of the top 30 steps/min in a day) and steps/day in relation to cardiometabolic health outcomes.

Walking cadence (steps/min) and intensity in 21-40 year olds: CADENCE-adults.

Background: Previous studies have reported that walking cadence (steps/min) is associated with absolutely-defined intensity (metabolic equivalents; METs), such that cadence-based thresholds could serve as reasonable proxy values for ambulatory intensities.

Purpose: To establish definitive heuristic (i.e.

Changes to gait speed and the walk ratio with rhythmic auditory cuing.

Background: Step length and cadence (i.e., step frequency or steps/minute) maintain an invariant proportion across a range of walking speeds, known as the walk ratio (WR = step length/cadence).

Multifractality of Unperturbed and Asymmetric Locomotion.

The purpose of this study was to explore the extent of multifractality in unperturbed and constrained locomotion, and to determine if multifractality predicted gait adaptability. Young, healthy participants (n = 15) walked at preferred and slow speeds, as well as asymmetrically (one leg at half speed) on a split-belt treadmill. Stride time multifractality was assessed via local detrended fluctuation analysis, which evaluates the evolution of fluctuations both spatially and temporally.