Icodec ONWARDS: A review of the first once-weekly diabetes treatment for nurse practitioners and physician assistants.

Background: Diabetes management is challenged by the complexity of treatment regimens and the need for frequent injections, affecting patient adherence and quality of life. Insulin icodec, a once-weekly basal insulin analog, represents a significant innovation, potentially simplifying diabetes care and improving outcomes.

Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and clinical implications of insulin icodec for individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential to affect current treatment paradigms.

Beyond Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Alternative Management Strategies to Prevent the Development and Progression of CKD.

Chronic kidney disease associated with Type 2 diabetes is linked to significant increase in morbidity, reduced quality of life, and early death. Current guidelines recommend targets for the management of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia but there remains a residual risk of chronic kidney disease progression and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The 2022 consensus report from the American Diabetes Association and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes support the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists to improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.

Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists: Findings and implications of cardiovascular outcomes trials.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common and serious comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment has become an important aspect of evaluating new therapies for T2DM before approval by the FDA. Since 2008, in order to establish safety, new therapies for T2DM have been required to demonstrate that they will not result in an unacceptable increase in CV risk. Studies performed for this purpose are termed CV outcome trials, or CVOTs.

Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists: Findings and implications of cardiovascular outcomes trials.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common and serious comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment has become an important aspect of evaluating new therapies for T2DM before approval by the FDA. Since 2008, in order to establish safety, new therapies for T2DM have been required to demonstrate that they will not result in an unacceptable increase in CV risk. Studies performed for this purpose are termed CV outcome trials, or CVOTs.

Insulin Initiation and Titration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Insulin initiation and titration can be challenging for many primary care providers who are involved in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite the introduction of advanced insulin analogs and improvements in insulin delivery devices, many patients with type 2 diabetes continue to experience suboptimal glycemic control. With an increasing number of treatment options available, type 2 diabetes management is moving away from a "one-size-fits-all" approach and toward individualized treatment regimens based on particular patient needs.

Clinical management strategies for type 2 diabetes.

Incretin therapeutics address an unmet need in diabetes by effectively treating postprandial glycemia. In addition, they present interesting possibilities for future therapy as they were suggested in preclinical studies to have effects on pancreatic beta-cell neogenesis. When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.

Standards of care and the burden of treatment failure in type 2 diabetes.

Despite the armamentarium of oral and injectable agents available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, there is clearly a significant gap between current recommendations for glycemic targets and the proportion of patients who can achieve and maintain glycemic control. Early diagnosis and intervention, particularly with the initiation of insulin therapy, may delay the progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells and the risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications. While there are numerous myths and misconceptions surrounding insulin therapy, physician and patient education, as well as an awareness of cultural sensitivities, can be instrumental in overcoming these barriers.

Using GIS to generate spatially balanced random survey designs for natural resource applications.

Sampling of a population is frequently required to understand trends and patterns in natural resource management because financial and time constraints preclude a complete census. A rigorous probability-based survey design specifies where to sample so that inferences from the sample apply to the entire population. Probability survey designs should be used in natural resource and environmental management situations because they provide the mathematical foundation for statistical inference.

Predicting water quality impaired stream segments using landscape-scale data and a regional geostatistical model: a case study in Maryland.

In the United States, probability-based water quality surveys are typically used to meet the requirements of Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. The survey design allows an inference to be generated concerning regional stream condition, but it cannot be used to identify water quality impaired stream segments. Therefore, a rapid and cost-efficient method is needed to locate potentially impaired stream segments throughout large areas.

Patterns of spatial autocorrelation in stream water chemistry.

Geostatistical models are typically based on symmetric straight-line distance, which fails to represent the spatial configuration, connectivity, directionality, and relative position of sites in a stream network. Freshwater ecologists have explored spatial patterns in stream networks using hydrologic distance measures and new geostatistical methodologies have recently been developed that enable directional hydrologic distance measures to be considered. The purpose of this study was to quantify patterns of spatial correlation in stream water chemistry using three distance measures: straight-line distance, symmetric hydrologic distance, and weighted asymmetric hydrologic distance.

The structure of variation and its influence on the estimation of status: indicators of condition of lakes in the Northeast, U.S.A.

One goal of regional-scale sample surveys is to estimate the status of a resource of interest from a statistically drawn representative sample of that resource. An expression of status is the frequency distribution of indicator scores capturing variability of attributes of interest. However, extraneous variability interferes with the status description by introducing bias into the frequency distributions.