Food security and diet quality, not vitamin D status are significantly associated with depression: Results from NHANES 2015-2018.

Background: Observational research has suggested a link between vitamin D insufficiency and depression, while evidence from randomized trials examining the association have yielded inconsistent results. Food security and diet quality are also associated with both vitamin D insufficiency and depression. However, the potential interactions between these factors have not been well described.

Secular Trends in Risk Profiles Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States.

Background: Documenting trends in risk factors among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may inform policy and secondary prevention initiatives.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine 20-year trends in risk profiles among U.S.

A Low-Sodium DASH Dietary Pattern Affects Serum Markers of Inflammation and Mineral Metabolism in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure.

Background: The blood pressure-lowering effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and reduced sodium intake are well established. The effects on other biomarkers related to vascular health are of interest and might assist in explaining the effects of the DASH diet and sodium reduction.

Objectives: We hypothesized that a low-sodium DASH diet improves (lowers) biomarkers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)] and mineral metabolism [phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23)].

Inorganic pyrophosphate is reduced in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Objective: The pathogenesis of calcinosis cutis, a disabling complication of SSc, is poorly understood and effective treatments are lacking. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a key regulator of ectopic mineralization, and its deficiency has been implicated in ectopic mineralization disorders. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that SSc may be associated with reduced circulating PPi, which might play a pathogenic role in calcinosis cutis.

Dietary intake of adults with and without diabetes: results from NHANES 2013-2016.

Introduction: Diet is a critical aspect of the management of adults with diabetes. This paper aims to compare dietary intakes of key macronutrients and micronutrients of US adults with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We compared absolute and energy-adjusted dietary intake of major macronutrients and micronutrients among those with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of glycemic control using a 24-hour dietary recall from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 9939 US adults, 20+ years old (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016).

The association of dietary phosphorus with blood pressure: results from a secondary analysis of the PREMIER trial.

Inconsistent findings exist for the association between dietary phosphorus intake and blood pressure (BP). We examined the longitudinal association between urinary excretion and dietary intake of phosphorus (total, plant, animal, and added) with BP. This is a secondary analysis of PREMIER, a randomized behavioral intervention study in adults (25-79 years) with BP, measured at 6 months, as the primary outcome.

Dietary phosphorus intake and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomized trials and prospective observational studies.

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association.

Objectives: We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis.

The Percentage of Dietary Phosphorus Excreted in the Urine Varies by Dietary Pattern in a Randomized Feeding Study in Adults.

Background: Urinary phosphorus excretion has been proposed as a recovery biomarker of dietary phosphorus intake. However, it is unclear whether phosphorus excretion is constant across a range of dietary and nondietary factors.

Objective: We assessed whether percentage urinary phosphorus excretion is constant across 3 dietary patterns in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial.

Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Sources among U.S Adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001⁻2014.

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that individuals should minimize their dietary cholesterol intake. However, current dietary cholesterol intake and its food sources have not been well-characterized. We examined dietary cholesterol intake by age, sex, race, and food sources using 24-h dietary recall data from a nationally representative sample of 5047 adults aged 20 years or older who participated in NHANES (2013⁻2014 survey cycle).

Reply to Itkonen and Lamberg-Allardt's Letter to the Editor Re: McClure et al. Nutrients 2017, 9, 95.

We appreciate Drs. Itkonen and Lamberg-Allardt's interest in our recent article "Dietary Sources of Phosphorus among Adults in the United States: Results from NHANES 2001-2014" [1] [..

Dietary Sources of Phosphorus among Adults in the United States: Results from NHANES 2001-2014.

Interest in the health effects of dietary phosphorus is burgeoning, yet sources and trends in phosphorus consumption have not been well characterized. We describe trends in and primary sources of dietary phosphorus in a nationally representative sample of 34,741 US adults, 20+ years old (NHANES 2001-2014). Dietary sources of phosphorus were estimated in nine food groups and 26 food categories.

Effects of Nasal Occlusion and Oral Contact on Perception of Metallic Taste from Metal Salts.

Iron and copper salts have complex olfactory and gustatory properties including a metallic flavor component that is decreased by nasal occlusion. To examine the sensory properties of ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate, a trained descriptive panel evaluated these compounds at equal molarity and perceived equal intensity with and without nasal occlusion. Ferrous sulfate exhibited a metallic taste and metallic aftertaste and copper sulfate exhibited a more pronounced metallic aftertaste.

A comparison of two electric taste stimulation devices.

Electrical stimulation of the tongue, commonly used in clinical evaluations of taste dysfunction, can produce a variety of sensations including reports of metallic taste. Two studies compared responses to a fabricated electrical stimulator (a 1.6 V battery, anode side exposed) and a clinical electrogustometer (Rion TR-06).