Impact of phased COVID-19 vaccine rollout on anxiety and depression among US adult population, January 2019-February 2023: a population-based interrupted time series analysis.

Background: Existing research lacks information on the potential impacts of multi-phased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine rollouts on population mental health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of various COVID-19 vaccine rollout phases on trends and prevalence of anxiety and depression among US adults at a population level.

Methods: We performed a US population-based multi-intervention interrupted time series analysis through Deep Learning and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approaches, analyzing 4 waves of US CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data (January 2019-February 2023) to assess changes in the weekly prevalence of anxiety and depression following interruptions, including all major COVID-19 vaccine rollout phases from 2020 to early 2023 while considering pandemic-related events.

Real-world data to support post-market safety and performance of embolization coils: evidence generation from a medical device manufacturer and data institute partnership.

Background: Recognizing the limitations of pre-market clinical data, regulatory authorities have embraced total product lifecycle management with post-market surveillance (PMS) data to assess medical device safety and performance. One method of proactive PMS involves the analysis of real-world data (RWD) through retrospective review of electronic health records (EHR). Because EHRs are patient-centered and focused on providing tools that clinicians use to determine care rather than collecting information on individual medical products, the process of transforming RWD into real-world evidence (RWE) can be laborious, particularly for medical devices with broad clinical use and extended clinical follow-up.

Discovery of Thioether-Cyclized Macrocyclic Covalent Inhibitors by mRNA Display.

Macrocyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for the covalent ligand discovery. However, platforms enabling the direct identification of covalent macrocyclic ligands in a high-throughput manner are limited. In this study, we present an mRNA display platform allowing selection of covalent macrocyclic inhibitors using 1,3-dibromoacetone-vinyl sulfone (DBA-VS).

Predicting the Hallucinogenic Potential of Molecules Using Artificial Intelligence.

The development of new drugs addressing serious mental health and other disorders should avoid the psychedelic experience. Analogs of psychedelic drugs can have clinical utility and are termed "psychoplastogens". These represent promising candidates for treating opioid use disorder to reduce drug dependence, with rarely reported serious adverse effects.

Development and validation of a HPLC method for the determination of chemical and radiochemical purity of O-(2-[F]fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine ([F]FET)), a PET radiotracer for the imaging of brain tumor.

A novel HPLC method was developed and validated to determine radiochemical identity, radiochemical purity and chemical purity for the analysis of O-(2-[F]fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine ([F]FET). In this method, an analytical Phenomenex Gemini C18 column was used with an isocratic eluent of 7 % ethanol and 93 % 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH = 6.9).

The Goldilocks paradigm: comparing classical machine learning, large language models, and few-shot learning for drug discovery applications.

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have led to newer model architectures including transformers (large language models, LLMs) showing state of the art results in text generation and image analysis as well as few-shot learning (FSLC) models which offer predictive power with extremely small datasets. These new architectures may offer promise, yet the 'no-free lunch' theorem suggests that no single model algorithm can outperform at all possible tasks. Here, we explore the capabilities of classical (SVR), FSLC, and transformer models (MolBART) over a range of dataset tasks and show a 'goldilocks zone' for each model type, in which dataset size and feature distribution (i.

Estimating the synaptic density deficit in Alzheimer's disease using multi-contrast CEST imaging.

In vivo noninvasive imaging of neurometabolites is crucial to improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal changes in synaptic organization leading to synaptic degradation and neuronal loss is considered as one of the primary factors driving Alzheimer's disease pathology. Magnetic resonance based molecular imaging techniques such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide neurometabolite specific information which may relate to underlying pathological and compensatory mechanisms.

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Response Inhibition Predict Balance in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Some evidence indicates that adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have balance impairments. This study examined the associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), response inhibition (RI), and static balance in this population while off and on psychostimulant medication (PS). Participants ( = 40; 30 females; age = 29.

Roflumilast foam 0.3% for adolescent and adult patients with seborrheic dermatitis: A randomized, double-blinded, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: The topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast has been studied in several dermatologic conditions.

Objective: Roflumilast foam 0.3% is being investigated as a topical treatment for seborrheic dermatitis (SD).

Factors associated with quality of life for cystic fibrosis family caregivers.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and chronic disease affecting 32,100 people in the United States as of 2021, with a life expectancy of 56 years for people with CF (PwCF) born between 2018 and 2022. While there is extensive literature about cystic fibrosis, there are few studies examining the complexity and challenges experienced by family caregivers for PwCF. The aim of this study was to examine the Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis (CQOLCF) scale using data (N = 217) from two separate studies that used the scale to determine if its items represent multiple factors relevant to CF family caregiver QoL.

Enhancing the Equilibrium of Dynamic Thia-Michael Reactions through Heterocyclic Design.

Although the catalyst-free dynamic thia-Michael (tM) reaction has been leveraged for a range of significant applications in materials science and pharmaceutical development, exploiting its full potential has been limited by relatively low equilibrium constants. To address this shortcoming, a new series of catalyst-free, room-temperature dynamic thia-Michael acceptors bearing an isoxazolone motif were developed and utilized to access both dynamic covalent networks and linear polymers. By leveraging the generation of aromaticity upon thiol addition and tuning the electronic-withdrawing/donating nature of the acceptor at two different sites, a wide range of equilibrium constants ( ∼1000 to ∼100,000 M) were obtained, constituting a 2 orders of magnitude increase compared to their noncyclic benzalcyanoacetate analogues.

Hybrid F-Fluoroethyltyrosine PET and MRI with Perfusion to Distinguish Disease Progression from Treatment-Related Change in Malignant Brain Tumors: The Quest to Beat the Toughest Cases.

Conventional MRI has important limitations when assessing for progression of disease (POD) versus treatment-related changes (TRC) in patients with malignant brain tumors. We describe the observed impact and pitfalls of implementing F-fluoroethyltyrosine (F-FET) perfusion PET/MRI into routine clinical practice. Through expanded-access investigational new drug use of F-FET, hybrid F-FET perfusion PET/MRI was performed during clinical management of 80 patients with World Health Organization central nervous system grade 3 or 4 gliomas or brain metastases of 6 tissue origins for which the prior brain MRI results were ambiguous.

Effect of psychostimulant medications on functional balance performance in persons with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A systematic review.

Rationale: Balance impairments are highly prevalent and underscreened in individuals with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychostimulant medications, used to treat ADHD symptoms, may improve balance performance in this population as demonstrated by a growing literature; however, there has not been a systematic investigation to understand the effects of psychostimulant medications on balance performance in individuals with ADHD. This systematic review examined the existing evidence to determine if psychostimulant medications improve balance performance in this population.

Effect of psychostimulant medications on static balance performance in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Within-subjects repeated-measure study.

Objective: This study examined the effect of psychostimulant medications nPS) on balance and functional motor performance in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Participants completed two sessions (off-medication and on-medication) in a within-subjects repeated-measure study design. There was a minimum of seven days between the two sessions.

Older Drivers' Attitudes and Preferences about Instrument Cluster Designs in Vehicles Revealed by the Dashboard Questionnaire.

Background: Older drivers are a rapidly growing demographic group worldwide; many have visual processing impairments. Little is known about their preferences about vehicle instrument cluster design.

Methods: We evaluated the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on "dashboard" design for a population-based sample of 1000 older drivers.

Use of multimodality imaging, histology, and treatment feasibility to characterize a transgenic -null rat model of glioblastoma.

Many drugs that show potential in animal models of glioblastoma (GBM) fail to translate to the clinic, contributing to a paucity of new therapeutic options. In addition, animal model development often includes histologic assessment, but multiparametric/multimodality imaging is rarely included despite increasing utilization in patient cancer management. This study developed an intracranial recurrent, drug-resistant, human-derived glioblastoma tumor in Sprague-Dawley - knockout rat and was characterized both histologically and using multiparametric/multimodality neuroimaging.

Pharmacokinetics of Roflumilast Cream in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Data from Phase I to Phase III Studies.

Background: Most patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receive topical treatment; however, available options lack a balance of efficacy with long-term safety and tolerability. Roflumilast cream 0.3% is a highly potent phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved by the US FDA for treatment of psoriasis.

Addition of Lauryldimethylamine -Oxide (LDAO) to a Copper-Free Click Chemistry Reaction Improves the Conjugation Efficiency of a Cell-Free Generated CRM197 Variant to Clinically Important Serotypes.

Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions like click chemistry have the potential to be highly scalable, robust, and cost-effective methods for generating small- and large-molecule conjugates for a variety of applications. However, despite method improvements, the rates of copper-based click chemistry reactions continue to be much faster than the rates of copper-free click chemistry reactions, which makes broader deployment of click chemistry challenging from a safety and compatibility standpoint. In this study, we used a zwitterionic detergent, namely, lauryldimethylamine -oxide (LDAO), in a copper-free click chemistry reaction to investigate its impact on the generation of conjugate vaccines (CVs).

Effect of Roflumilast Cream vs Vehicle Cream on Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: The DERMIS-1 and DERMIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Once-daily roflumilast cream, 0.3%, a potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated in a phase 2b trial of patients with psoriasis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of roflumilast cream, 0.

Associations of visual functions with attitudes about motor vehicle dashboards among older drivers.

Purpose: Proper understanding and interaction with the dashboard is an essential aspect of safely operating a motor vehicle. A portion of this task is dependent on vision, yet no published information exists regarding dashboard ergonomics and visual function. This study sought to associate visual functions and person abilities of dashboard ergonomic dimensions relevant to older driver design preferences and attitudes.