A social price to the rising cost of living? The bidirectional relationship between inflation and trust.

This study examines whether social trust, the general belief that most people are honest and trustworthy, shapes perceptions of personal increases in cost of living and whether perceptions of increases in cost of living affect social trust. We analyze panel data from the Canadian Quality of Work and Economic Life Study (N = 2353) that was gathered between the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022, when inflation rose precipitously in Canada. Using a combination of entropy balancing and logistic regression, we estimate a statistically significant but weak causal effect of social trust on the perception of an increase in cost of living.

Private Eyes, They See Your Every Move: Workplace Surveillance and Worker Well-Being.

Despite a surge in the number of organizations using surveillance technology to monitor their workers, understanding of the health impacts of these technologies in the broader working population is limited. The current study addresses this omission using a novel measure of an individual's overall perception of workplace surveillance, which enables it to be asked of all workers, rather than only those in specific occupations or work contexts that have historically been vulnerable to electronic performance monitoring. Structural equation modeling analyses based on a national sample of Canadian workers ( = 3,508) reveal that surveillance perceptions are indirectly associated with increased psychological distress and lower job satisfaction through stress proliferation.

Racial disparities in Death rates and Death incidences in Xinjiang: A study of multilevel ecological mechanisms.

Health disparities based on racial status are well-researched by social scientists, but this field of knowledge has rarely been investigated beyond the Western context. As the largest province in China, Xinjiang has over 50% non-Han populace-and this group is subjected to various forms of inequalities. The current study is the first to quantitatively demonstrate the disparity in mortality between the Han majority and Turkic minority in Xinjiang.

Socioeconomic stratification and trajectories of social trust during COVID-19.

Extant theory suggests that crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic may change people's trust in others. A crisis-to-solidarity model suggests that people become more trusting, while a crisis-to-negative experience theory suggests that people lose trust, and a stability perspective predicts that social trust will largely remain unchanged. We argue that, when a crisis occurs, trust is likely to fall into distinct trajectories of change that will conform to these different perspectives, and placement into contrasting trajectories of change will be predicated on socioeconomic position.

Work-to-Family Conflict and Children's Problems with School, Friends, and Health: Household Economic Conditions and Couple Relationship Quality as Contingencies.

What is the relationship between work-to-family conflict (WFC) and children's problems with school, friends, and health? And does that association depend on household economic conditions and couple relationship quality? Using four waves of longitudinal data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Heath Study (2011-2017), the present study finds that-overall-both fathers' and mothers' levels of WFC are associated with elevated levels of children's problems over time. However, we also discover that household income and spousal disputes moderate this focal relationship-and they do so differently for mothers and fathers. First, the positive association between WFC and children's problems is stronger for mothers (but not fathers) in households with lower income.

Did perceptions of supportive work-life culture change during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Objective: This article examines whether perceptions of supportive work-life culture changed during the COVID-19 pandemic-and if that depended on (1) working from home; (2) children in the household; and (3) professional status. We test for gender differences across the analyses.

Background: During normal times, the "ideal worker" is expected to prioritize the demands of their job and is penalized for attending to family/personal needs while on company time.

A protective rung on the ladder? How past and current social status shaped changes in health during COVID-19.

An emerging body of work has started to document population health consequences of the social and economic transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We consider an individual's relative social position in the stratification system-subjective social status (SSS)-and assess how past (childhood) and current SSS predict change in self-rated health during the pandemic. Using two waves of data from the Canadian Quality of Work and Economic Life Study, we follow respondents between the onset of lockdown measures in March and May of 2020 (N = 1886).

Religion Protected Mental Health but Constrained Crisis Response During Crucial Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study demonstrates that religion protected mental health but constrained support for crisis response during the crucial early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from a national probability-based sample of the U.S.

The Status Dynamics of Role Blurring in the Time of COVID-19.

Has the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic altered the status dynamics of role blurring? Although researchers typically investigate its conflictual aspects, the authors assess if the work-home interface might also be a source of status-and the relevance of schedule control in these processes. Analyzing data from nationally representative samples of workers in September 2019 and March 2020, the authors find that role blurring is associated with elevated status, but the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 weakens that effect. Likewise, schedule control enhances the status of role blurring, but its potency is also weakened during the pandemic.

Downloaded Work, Sideloaded Work, and Financial Circumstances: The Contemporary Worker's Experience of Equity and Need Principles.

People value being paid appropriately for their work-but national surveys indicate that many working adults report a discrepancy between what they actually earn and what they think they should justly earn. This evidence provides an impetus for examining the factors that shape workers' justice perceptions of earnings. The present study elaborates on two key distributive justice principles-equity and need-that guide people's ideas about their just reward.

Accumulation of economic hardship and health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Social causation or selection?

This study examines whether economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic is deleteriously associated with psychological distress and self-rated health. A social causation perspective suggests that exposure to economic hardship will harm well-being, but a social selection perspective suggests that the appearance of health effects of hardship during the pandemic are attributable to the increased risk of exposure to hardship associated with poor well-being at the start of the pandemic. We also propose a third perspective, economic selection, which suggests that economic hardship prior to the pandemic negatively affects health and increases risk of exposure to hardship during the pandemic; consequently, an association between health and economic hardship during the pandemic may be spurious, and entirely due to pre-existing levels of hardship.

Workplace financial transparency and Job distress.

Social scientists have long been interested in questions of organizational culpability, workers' rights, and workplace equity. This study focuses on a particularly important aspect of managerial practice-financial transparency-and its implications for job-related distress. Drawing on 2011 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey data, we interrogate the transparency-distress relationship and whether it is mediated or moderated by other organizational dynamics, such as managerial relations.

Social Estrangement and Psychological Distress before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patterns of Change in Canadian Workers.

This article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures intended to slow the rate of transmission of the virus resulted in greater subjective isolation and community distrust, in turn adversely impacting psychological distress. To support this argument, we examine data from the Canadian Quality of Work and Economic Life Study, two national surveys of Canadian workers-one from late September 2019 (N = 2,477) and the second from mid-March 2020 (N = 2,446). Analyses show that subjective isolation and community distrust increased between the two surveys, which led to a substantial rise in psychological distress.

A less objectionable greed? Work-life conflict and unjust pay during a pandemic.

Perceptions of unjust pay represent a central feature in research on distributive justice. Prior studies document that work-life conflict (WLC) is a strong predictor of unjustly low pay. We extend that work by asking: Did the social and economic changes associated with the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) modify the relationship between WLC and perceptions of unjust pay? In September 2019, we collected data from a nationally representative sample of workers to profile the quality of work and economic life.

Control and the Health Effects of Work-Family Conflict: A Longitudinal Test of Generalized Versus Specific Stress Buffering.

The stress associated with work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) is well documented. However, surprisingly little is known about the resources that moderate the effects of work-family conflict on health over time. Using four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011-2017; = 11,349 person-wave observations), we compare how a core psychosocial resource (personal mastery) and a salient organizationally based resource (schedule control) moderate the health effects of WFC and FWC.

Labor market influences on Women's fertility decisions: Longitudinal evidence from Canada.

While fertility theories suggest that insecure labor market experiences encourage women to postpone having children, few have examined whether job insecurity perceptions influence fertility in the North American context-an omission we address in the current study. Findings from event history analyses of a panel dataset of Canadian workers (Canadian Work, Stress and Health Study) reveal that perceived job insecurity is salient for women's first birth decisions but not subsequent births. Further subgroup analyses show that the association between perceived job insecurity and likelihood of a first birth is limited to college-educated women and those in low unemployment labor market regions.

Time Deficits with Children: The Link to Parents' Mental and Physical Health.

Time spent with children has become a central concern in North American parenting culture. Using the 2011 Canadian Work, Stress, and Health study (N = 2,007), we examine employed parents' perceptions about having too little time with children and whether these relate to parents' mental and physical health. The "pernicious stressor" hypothesis posits that the demands of paid work combined with intensive mothering or involved fathering create unique time tensions that act as chronic stressors and that these are associated with poorer health and well-being.

Precarious sleep? Nonstandard work, gender, and sleep disturbance in 31 European countries.

Despite the advent of precarious work, little is known about how this form of employment can generate disparities in sleep outcomes. We extend existing work by providing a theoretical framework linking different measures of work precarity to sleep problems. We argue that the association between objective precarious working conditions and sleep disturbance is channeled through and mediated by subjective work precarity.

Relative deprivation in context: How contextual status homogeneity shapes the relationship between disadvantaged social status and health.

We examine the relationship between disadvantaged social status and adverse health outcomes within a context-contingent thesis of relative deprivation. We argue that the health effect of low relative status depends on contextual status homogeneity, which is measured as income inequality and group diversity. Applying mixed-effect modeling to the pooled 2011-2013 Chinese General Social Survey and exploring the cross-level interactions, we found that 1) people in the bottom socioeconomic quartile report significantly better health when contextual income inequality is lower; 2) racial-ethnic minorities report significantly better health when contextual ethnic diversity is higher; and 3) religious minorities also report significantly better health when contextual religious diversity is higher.

Chronic Discrimination and Sleep Problems in Late Life: Religious Involvement as Buffer.

The association between chronic discrimination and sleep problems is important to examine in older adults because sleep is highly reactive to stress and impaired sleep has diverse adverse health effects. The association between chronic discrimination and sleep problems may, however, be confounded by a number of time-stable influences, and this association may also vary by religious involvement. In three waves (2006, 2010, and 2014) of the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 7,130), the overall association between chronic discrimination and sleep problems is negated in econometric models that control for all time-stable sources of confounding.

Financial circumstances, mastery, and mental health: Taking unobserved time-stable influences into account.

This paper examines whether low income and subjective financial strain are associated with mental health, as well as whether mastery weakens this association. We analyze three waves of a large sample of Canadians and utilize random and fixed effects regression strategies to assess bias introduced by unobserved time-stable confounders. In random effects models, both low income and subjective financial strain are associated with distress and anger.

The Status-Health Paradox: Organizational Context, Stress Exposure, and Well-being in the Legal Profession.

Prior research evaluates the health effects of higher status attainment by analyzing highly similar individuals whose circumstances differ after some experience a "status boost." Advancing that research, we assess health differences across organizational contexts among two national samples of lawyers who were admitted to the bar in the same year in their respective countries. We find that higher-status lawyers in large firms report more depression than lower-status lawyers, poorer health in the American survey, and no health advantage in Canada.

Neighborhood Disorder and Sleep Problems in Older Adults: Subjective Social Power as Mediator and Moderator.

Background And Objectives: Contextual contributors to sleep problems are important to examine among older adults because sleep problems are associated with a number of adverse outcomes in late life. We examine whether disordered neighborhoods are a key contextual determinant of sleep problems in late life, as well as how subjective social power-a sense of personal control and subjective social status-mediates and moderates this association. Central to this contribution is the use of econometric techniques that holistically control for time-stable factors that may bias estimated associations.

Discovering pockets of complexity: Socioeconomic status, stress exposure, and the nuances of the health gradient.

One of the most pervasive statements about stratification and health identifies the strong inverse relationship-or gradient-between socioeconomic status (SES) and poor health. We elaborate on the ways that the SES-based gradient in stress exposure contributes to nuances in the SES-health association. In analyses of the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce, we find some evidence that the inverse association between SES and health outcomes is finely graded-but several 'pockets of complexity' emerge.