Common normal variants of pediatric vertebral development that mimic fractures: a pictorial review from a national longitudinal bone health study.

Children with glucocorticoid-treated illnesses are at risk for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and growing awareness of this has led to increased monitoring for these fractures. However scant literature describes developmental changes in vertebral morphology that can mimic fractures. The goal of this paper is to aid in distinguishing between normal variants and fractures.

Acute appendicitis: investigating an optimal outer appendiceal diameter cut-point in a pediatric population.

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain in children requiring operative intervention. Among a number of sonographic criteria to aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis, an outer diameter >6 mm is the most objective and widely accepted. However, there is a lack of evidence-based standards governing this consensus.

Cervical spine abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Objective: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is among the most common head-and-neck-related syndromes. The literature has examined many of the phenotypic features of 22q11.