Deep profiling deconstructs features associated with memory CD8 T cell tissue residence.

Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (Trm) cells control infections and cancer and are defined by their lack of recirculation. Because migration is difficult to assess, residence is usually inferred by putative residence-defining phenotypic and gene signature proxies. We assessed the validity and universality of residence proxies by integrating mouse parabiosis, multi-organ sampling, intravascular staining, acute and chronic infection models, dirty mice, and single-cell multi-omics.

Molecular basis for plasma membrane recruitment of PI4KA by EFR3.

The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase III α (PI4KIIIα/PI4KA) is a master regulator of the lipid composition and asymmetry of the plasma membrane. PI4KA exists primarily in a heterotrimeric complex with its regulatory proteins TTC7 and FAM126. Fundamental to PI4KA activity is its targeted recruitment to the plasma membrane by the lipidated proteins EFR3A and EFR3B.

Exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in an adult male with influenza A virus treated with oseltamivir.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) package labeling has a warning for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAE), most commonly in children and adolescents, especially males. There are several case reports of NPAE in adults treated with oseltamivir, but few document patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions without additional contributing factors. This case report describes a 22-year-old male with a history of bipolar disorder, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had been stable on his medication regimen before experiencing sudden worsening of symptoms after the initiation of oseltamivir.

Optimising aerial herbicide treatment for control of dense conifer infestations: a New Zealand case study.

Background: Conifers, mainly of the genus Pinus, have invaded natural and productive landscapes worldwide. Controlling dense conifer invasions is challenging and requires both effective initial control methods and long-term site management to prevent re-invasion. Broadcast aerial herbicide application is often the preferred treatment method for dense infestations of pines with high rates of complex herbicide mixtures used.

Visual Field Asymmetries in Responses to ON and OFF Pathway Biasing Stimuli.

Recent reports suggest the ON and OFF pathways are differentially susceptible to selective vision loss in glaucoma. Thus, perimetric assessment of ON- and OFF-pathway function may serve as a useful diagnostic. However, this necessitates a developed understanding of normal ON/OFF pathway function around the visual field and as a function of input intensity.

Quantifying Similarities Between MediaPipe and a Known Standard to Address Issues in Tracking 2D Upper Limb Trajectories: Proof of Concept Study.

Background: Markerless motion tracking methods have promise for use in a range of domains, including clinical settings where traditional marker-based systems for human pose estimation are not feasible. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems can offer a markerless, lightweight approach to motion capture. However, the accuracy of such systems, such as MediaPipe, for tracking fine upper limb movements involving the hand has not been explored.

Whole Gut Motility Patterns in Patients with Chronic Nausea and Vomiting.

Chronic nausea and vomiting (N/V) disorders are common in clinical practice. Our primary aim was to compare total and segmental gastrointestinal transit times as well as gastric contraction patterns in patients with chronic N/V syndrome to those of healthy volunteers (HVs). In the patient group, our secondary aim was to explore how symptoms and motility patterns were affected by a serotonin HT receptor agonist (Prucalopride).

Choice white grease used for manufacturing a protein encapsulated fat blend source for neonatal calves.

Protein encapsulated fat (PEF) blends are routinely used for manufacturing calf milk replacers (MR). The use of PEF blends improves fat mixability to ensure MR when mixed and fed as a homogenous solution for neonatal calves. A new alternative PEF based on choice white grease (CWG) has been developed to improve its mixability and solubility to ensure a homogenous MR solution.

Supporting resident-centred decision-making about transitions from long-term care homes to hospital: a qualitative study protocol.

Introduction: Burdensome care transitions may occur despite clinicians' engagement in care planning discussions with residents and their family/friend care partners. Conversations about potential hospital transfers can better prepare long-term care (LTC) residents, their families and care providers for future decision-making. Lack of such discussions increases the likelihood of transitions that do not align with residents' values.

Feasibility of an Obesity Prevention Program for Latino Families from First Trimester of Pregnancy to Child Age 18 Months and Predictors of Program Attendance.

The high prevalence of obesity in Latino families with low income necessitates prevention beginning in pregnancy and continuing through infancy. Due to systemic inequities, adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) and mental health symptoms may limit program efficacy by presenting barriers to attendance. We sought to assess: (1) the feasibility of the Starting Early Program (StEP) Prenatal, a 17-session intervention beginning early in pregnancy and continuing to 18 months postpartum; and (2) the effects of adverse SDoH (material hardship, low social support) and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) on program attendance.

Ezh2 Delays Activation of Differentiation Genes During Normal Cerebellar Granule Neuron Development and in Medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-medulloblastoma subtype arises from the cerebellar granule neuron lineage. Terminally differentiated neurons are incapable of undergoing further cell division, so an effective treatment for this tumour could be to force neuronal differentiation.

Improved Afternoon Hepatic Glucose Disposal and Storage Requires Morning Engagement of Hepatic Insulin Receptors.

Glucose tolerance improves significantly upon consuming a second, identical meal later in the day (second meal phenomenon). We previously established that morning hyperinsulinemia primes the liver for increased afternoon hepatic glucose uptake (HGU). Although the route of insulin delivery is an important determinant of the mechanisms by which insulin regulates liver glucose metabolism (direct hepatic vs indirect insulin action), it is not known if insulin's delivery route affects the second meal response.

The association of zero walking cadence minutes with sleep quality in adults 18-65.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) guidelines suggest a link between PA, sedentary time, and sleep quality (SQ). Step cadence is an emerging proxy for PA intensity, with zero cadence (ZC) indicating sedentary time. No research has explored the relationship between ZC and SQ.

Exploring Structural Anisotropy in Amorphous Tb-Co via Changes in Medium-Range Ordering.

Amorphous thin films grown by magnetron co-sputtering exhibit changes in atomic structure with varying growth and annealing temperatures. Structural variations influence the bulk properties of the films. Scanning nanodiffraction performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is applied to amorphous Tb17Co83 (a-Tb-Co) films deposited over a range of temperatures to measure relative changes in medium-range ordering (MRO).

Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities to Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury in Early Late-Life: The Framingham Heart Study.

Objective: Subclinical vascular brain injury is an increasingly recognized risk factor for stroke and dementia. Despite well-established sex differences in vascular risk and disease prevalence, the impact of sex on drivers of subclinical vascular brain injury remains unclear, presenting a barrier to developing sex-specific prevention guidelines. We aimed to establish the extent to which sex moderates associations between vascular risk factors and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of subclinical brain injury in stroke-free older adults.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Real-World Study in the USA, Europe and Japan.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, treatment received, and factors predicting initial or earlier combination therapy.

Methods: The Adelphi Real World Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Disease Specific Programme™ is a cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection conducted in the USA, Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK), and Japan from March to August 2022. Physicians reported patient characteristics, treatment history, and reasons for treatment selection.

Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and prostate cancer among U.S. adult men.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed male malignancy in the U.S. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commonly used herbicide and potential carcinogen.

A comparison of operating room toric placement tools: CALLISTO eye vs. e Wavetec AnalyzOR (CORTCO).

Background: To evaluate procedure times for two cataract planning systems (ZEISS CALLISTO eye and the Wavetec AnalyzOR) in predicting residual astigmatism (prediction error) and other visual outcomes in patients with corneal astigmatism (maximum allowable up to 3.0D) at postoperative month 1.

Methods: This was a prospective, single center, parallel treatment group, bilateral and unilateral, randomized, 1-month study on patients scheduled to undergo routine, small-incision cataract surgery with a toric intraocular lens implantation.

Combined MRI, high-resolution manometry and a randomised trial of bisacodyl versus hyoscine show the significance of an enlarged colon in constipation: the RECLAIM study.

Background: Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI.

Objective: To compare MRI with high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) for predicting treatment response.

Design: Part 1: 44 healthy volunteers (HVs), 43 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and 37 with functional constipation (FC) completed stool diaries and questionnaires and underwent oral macrogol (500-1000 mL) challenge.