Sport and activity restrictions following total ankle replacement: A survey of orthopaedic foot and ankle specialists.

Background: Despite an increasing utilization of total ankle replacement, surgeons have little guidance with regards to physical activity and sport participation recommendations following the procedure.

Methods: Orthopaedic foot and ankle specialists were surveyed as to the activity and sports restrictions they place on their patients following ankle replacement. Fifty sports and activities were included and the results were used to derive a set of consensus recommendations.

Forces across the middle of the intact clavicle during shoulder motion.

Hypothesis: The optimal management of displaced middle third clavicle fractures is currently under investigation. Advances in fracture fixation technology have expanded the indications for operative fracture management. Data are currently unavailable regarding the normal forces and moments that occur in the middle clavicle with motion of the glenohumeral joint.