Lofexidine in Combination With Oral Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder Relapse Prevention: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Background And Objectives: Lofexidine (LFX), an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist, known to alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms, was assessed in combination with oral naltrexone (NTX) for effects on opioid use outcomes and NTX treatment compliance.

Methods: Detoxified individuals (ages 18-55, 80% male) with opioid use disorder Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition were randomized to 2.4 mg/day of LFX (n = 26) or Placebo (PBO, n = 31) in a double-blind manner for 12 weeks of treatment.

Integration of movement competency training to optimize behavioral interventions for child obesity: Comment on Wilfley et al. (2018).

Wilfley, Hayes, Balantekin, Van Buren, and Epstein (2018) provided an important review of behavioral interventions for obesity in children and adults. Although behavioral change interventions are effective in increasing the frequency of exercise behaviors, behavioral treatment providers may not be experts regarding how fundamental movement/motor skills (FMS) deficits (e.g.

Death anxiety and ageist attitudes are related to trainees' interest in working with older adults.

Objectives: To explore how psychology trainee death concerns and ageist behavior relate to their willingness and desire to work with older adults.

Method: Trainees (N = 104; 80.8% women) completed the Death Thought-Accessibility Measure, Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE), Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DASE), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and rated their willingness and desire to work with older adults and their willingness to obtain training on how to work with older adults.

Differential Impact of Depressive and Manic Mood States on Alcohol Craving in Comorbid Bipolar Alcoholism: Preliminary Findings.

Objectives: To examine the differential impact of depressive and manic mood states on alcohol craving in patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism.

Methods: Forty-four men and women, ages 18-65, with DSM-IV-TR comorbid diagnoses of bipolar I disorder and alcohol dependence were assessed over a three-month period to examine the extent to which their depressive and manic symptoms were associated with alcohol cravings (i.e.

How ineffective family environments can compound maldevelopment of critical thinking skills in childhood abuse survivors.

The high stress of childhood abuse is associated with neurobiological detriments to executive function. Child abuse survivors may also be cognitively and relationally disadvantaged as a result of being raised in emotionally impoverished families that lack cohesion, organization, flexibility, self-expression, and moral and ethical values and fail to provide opportunities for effective learning. A review of literature demonstrates how dysfunctional family of origin environments common to child abuse survivors, concomitant with the extreme stress of overt acts of abuse, can act as a barrier to the development of higher-order critical thinking skills.

A stress-coping profile of opioid dependent individuals entering naltrexone treatment: a comparison with healthy controls.

Background: Stress is known to increase addiction vulnerability and risk of relapse to substance use. PURPOSE & METHOD: We compared opioid dependent individuals entering naltrexone treatment (n = 57) with healthy controls (n = 75) on measures of stress, coping, and social support and examined the relative contribution of group membership, coping, and social support to stress within the sample. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA), and stepwise multiple regression were conducted.

Stress-related factors in cannabis use and misuse: implications for prevention and treatment.

We examined the role of stress as a risk factor and motivation for cannabis use/misuse. A systematic review of studies gathered from PsychINFO and MEDLINE databases was conducted. Findings suggest that cannabis is commonly used as a stress-coping strategy.

Craving predicts time to cocaine relapse: further validation of the Now and Brief versions of the cocaine craving questionnaire.

Background: The 10-item version of the cocaine craving questionnaire (CCQ-Brief) has not been validated in a mixed-gender sample, and predictive validity of the CCQ-Now and CCQ-Brief in terms of their relationship with cocaine relapse has not been demonstrated.

Objective: To further validate the CCQ-Brief in a mixed gender sample and to determine the predictive validity of the CCQ-Now and CCQ-Brief.

Method: Seventy-two men and 51 women (Total N=123) seeking inpatient cocaine dependence treatment were administered assessments upon admission, and a prospective design was employed to assess cocaine relapse outcomes during a 90-day follow-up period after discharge from inpatient treatment.

Severity of childhood trauma is predictive of cocaine relapse outcomes in women but not men.

We prospectively examined the gender-specific effects of childhood trauma on cocaine relapse outcomes in an inpatient sample of treatment engaged cocaine dependent adults. Cocaine dependent men (n=70) and women (n=54) participating in inpatient treatment for cocaine dependence were assessed on severity of childhood trauma and followed for 90 days after discharge from treatment. Greater severity of childhood emotional abuse was associated with an increased risk of relapse in women.

Childhood maltreatment, perceived stress, and stress-related coping in recently abstinent cocaine dependent adults.

The authors examined associations between a personal history of childhood maltreatment and the perceived stress and stress-coping styles of recently abstinent and treatment-engaged cocaine dependent adults. Fifty men and 41 women at an inpatient treatment and research facility were administered the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (D. P.

Stress and drug-cue-induced craving in opioid-dependent individuals in naltrexone treatment.

Background: Naltrexone is a nonaddictive medication that blocks the euphoric effects of opioids. However, naltrexone treatment is associated with high rates of noncompliance and opioid relapse, possibly because it does not reduce stress and protracted withdrawal symptoms during early recovery. Prior clinical and preclinical research has indicated that both stress and drug-cue-related arousal response is associated with craving and vulnerability to relapse in a range of drug-using populations.

Gender specific associations between types of childhood maltreatment and the onset, escalation and severity of substance use in cocaine dependent adults.

We examined associations between types of childhood maltreatment and the onset, escalation, and severity of substance use in cocaine dependent adults. In men (n = 55), emotional abuse was associated with a younger age of first alcohol use and a greater severity of substance abuse. In women (n = 32), sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and overall maltreatment was associated with a younger age of first alcohol use, and emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and overall maltreatment was associated with a greater severity of substance abuse.

A gender specific psychometric analysis of the early trauma inventory short form in cocaine dependent adults.

This study evaluated the gender specific psychometric properties of the Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form (ETI-SF) in a clinical sample of cocaine dependent men (N=58) and women (N=34). Participants were administered the ETI-SF, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Tests of internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive validity were conducted separately by gender.

Family of origin environments in two clinical samples of survivors of intra-familial, extra-familial, and both types of sexual abuse.

Objective: It has been suggested that survivors of ongoing childhood sexual abuse (CSA) tend to have been reared in ineffective family environments that render them particularly vulnerable to maltreatment and which foster psychological difficulties beyond those accounted for solely by their abuse. If this conjecture is valid, one would expect that the family of origin environments of CSA survivors would be disturbed whether their abuser was intra-familial or extra-familial. To assess this hypothesis, two studies compared the childhood family of origin environments and supportive parenting characteristics of a clinical sample of women sexually abused by family members only (the intra-familial group), by non-family members only (the extra-familial group), and by both family and non-family members (the "both" group).

Outcome research methodology of smoking cessation trials (1994-1998).

Although several reviews of smoking cessation trials have been published, none have specifically evaluated the adequacy of the studies' reporting practices in terms of describing the intervention and outcome variables used. This review evaluates the reporting procedures of 109 smoking cessation trials published in English language peer-reviewed publications from 1994 through 1998. MedLine and PsychLIT searches were used to identify potential studies.