Morphometric analysis of the hard palate in sex estimation among koreans using three-dimensional computed tomography.

Accurate sex estimation is crucial for comprehensive analysis of the biological profiles of unidentified human skeletal remains. However, there is a notable lack of research specifically addressing the morphometrics of the hard palate. Therefore, this study aimed to derive discriminant equations using the hard palate and assess their applicability for sexing partial skeletal remains in a contemporary Korean population.

Craniofacial and Airway Morphology in Down Syndrome: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Case Series Evaluation.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in various physical and cognitive features. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the dental and craniofacial morphology of individuals with DS using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Six individuals with DS, comprising five males and one female aged 17 to 35 years, underwent CBCT scanning.

Accessory tympanic plate ossicle: a new osteological entity.

The auricular cartilage, which is typically soft and flexible, can calcify or ossify because of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, trauma, radiation therapy for cancer, and more commonly from frostbite. Calcified, ossified, or hardened auricular cartilage is a rare finding in the clinical literature and appears to be absent in the physical and forensic anthropological literature. This study examines the ossified auricular cartilage and tests whether the hypothesis can be identified in postmortem skeletonized tissue and be part of the external auditory meatus.

Regression analysis of nasal shape from juvenile to adult ages for forensic facial reconstruction.

The nose is a prominent feature for facial recognition and reconstruction. To investigate the relationship of the nasal shape with the piriform aperture in Korean adults and juveniles, we performed regression analysis. By regression analysis, prediction equations for nasal shape were obtained in relation to the shape of the piriform aperture considering sex and age groups.

A comparison of pre- and post-clinical education learning preferences among medical students who elected to dissect compared to those who did not during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anatomy instructional methods varied widely during the COVID-19 pandemic and programs are assessing innovations for retention. Learning preferences were assessed among medical students dichotomized as elective dissectors (ED) or non-dissectors (ND) during the COVID-19 partial re-opening in 2020 (preclinical) and again in 2022 after clinical exposure (post-clinical) to assess the viability of elective dissection post-pandemic. A mixed-method approach was used for the assessment of test scores, learning preference surveys, learning activities rankings, and thematic analyses.

Cholesterol Granuloma in the Maxillary Sinus: A Rare Presentation Associated With an Odontogenic Cyst.

Cholesterol granuloma is a histopathological finding characterized by a mass of connective tissue and granulation tissue. It is primarily observed in the middle ear, mastoid process, or paranasal sinuses, with rare occurrences in the dental odontogenic region. A dentigerous cyst encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by expanding its follicle and attaches to the neck of the tooth.

Themes in neuronavigation research: A machine learning topic analysis.

Objective: To understand trends in neuronavigation we employed machine learning methods to perform a broad literature review which would be impractical by manual inspection.

Methods: PubMed was queried for articles with "Neuronavigation" in any field from inception-2020. Articles were designated neuronavigation-focused (NF) if "Neuronavigation" was a major MeSH.

Predicting the eyebrow from the orbit using three-dimensional CT imaging in the application of forensic facial reconstruction and identification.

Eyebrows are the most important facial feature in facial recognition with its shape rated to be more helpful than color or density for facial reconstruction or approximation. However, little extant research has estimated the position and morphological territory of the eyebrow from the orbit. Three-dimensional craniofacial models, produced from CT scans of 180 Koreans autopsied at the National Forensic Service Seoul Institute, were used to conduct metric analyses of subjects (125 males and 55 females) between 19 and 49 (mean 35.

Extended reality veterinary medicine case studies for diagnostic veterinary imaging instruction: Assessing student perceptions and examination performance.

Educational technologies in veterinary medicine aim to train veterinarians faster and improve clinical outcomes. COVID-19 pandemic, shifted face-to-face teaching to online, thus, the need to provide effective education remotely was exacerbated. Among recent technology advances for veterinary medical education, extended reality (XR) is a promising teaching tool.

Extended reality visualization of medical museum specimens: Online presentation of conjoined twins curated by Dr. Jacob Henle between 1844-1852.

Background: The purpose of this study is to characterize a full-term conjoined twins' cadaver curated by Dr. Jacob Henle sometime between 1844 and 1852 and demonstrate digital distribution of an old and rare medical museum specimen using an extended reality (XR) model workflow.

Methods: The cadaver (Preparation 296) is in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Heidelberg.

Case-based radiological anatomy instruction using cadaveric MRI imaging and delivered with extended reality web technology.

Purpose: Extended reality (XR) technology enhances learning in medical education. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a case-based approach for teaching radiological anatomy utilizing XR technology for improved student exploration and engagement.

Methods: The workflow consisted of MRI scanning cadavers followed by radiological, pathological, and anatomical assessment, and finally case presentation based on XR visualizations and student interaction.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 4: Pharyngocervical region.

This review about extraoral anatomy depicted in cone beam computed tomography describes the pharyngocervical region. Large (≥ 8 × 8 cm) field of views of the maxilla and/or mandible will inevita-bly depict the pharyngocervical region that com-prises the posterior upper airway, the pharyngeal part of the digestive tract, as well as the cervical segment of the spine. The latter consists of seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) with corresponding distinctive features, i.

Medical School Hotline: A New Osteological Resource at the John A. Burns School of Medicine.

The Mann-Labrash Osteological Collection of the University of Hawai'i is the newest collection of contemporary known-identity human skeletal remains in the United States. The collection, consisting of the partial or complete remains of individuals of European, African, Asian, and Pacific Islander ancestry, is an invaluable educational and research resource for medical students and visiting researchers. The collection reflects the population diversity of Hawai'i.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 3: Retromaxillary region.

In this review about extraoral anatomy as depicted by cone beam computed tomography, the retromaxillary region is discussed. A medium-sized (6 x 6 cm) or large (≥ 8 x 8 cm) field of view of the maxilla will inevitably depict the retromaxillary region that can be considered a «transition» zone between the viscerocranium and the neurocranium. Major structures of the region include the sphenoid bone and the pterygopalatine fossae.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 2: Zygomatico-orbital region.

This second article about extraoral anatomy as seen in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images presents a literature review of the zygomatico-orbital region. The latter bounds the maxillary sinus superiorly and laterally. Since pathologic changes of the maxillary sinus are a frequent indication for three-dimensional radiography, the contiguous orbital cavity and the zygomatic bone may become visible on CBCT scans.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 1: Nasoethmoidal region.

Cone beam computed tomography has become a widely used imaging technique for dental indications. Depending on the selected size of the field of view, anatomical structures outside the dentomaxillary complex become visible. As a consequence, the clinician must be able to interpret also those anatomical regions.

Delayed diagnosis of a primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignant central jaw tumor derived from odontogenic epithelial remnants. Predominantly, it affects mandible, although both jaw bones may be involved. This report describes a 60-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed with a periapical infection related to the right lower wisdom tooth.

The Morphology of the Infraorbital Nerve and Foramen in the Presence of an Accessory Infraorbital Foramen.

Background: The accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) is an anatomical variation associated with the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and nerve (ION). Its occurrence and neural contents have clinical implications regarding failure of loco-regional anesthesia and risk of neural damage during surgical interventions involving the maxillary region. Thus, morphologic characterization of the AIOF and neural contents as well as the spatial relationships to the IOF are potentially useful for optimizing surgical procedures.

Radiographic Diagnosis of Fibrous Dysplasia in Maxilla.

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone by abnormal fibrous tissue. Here we present a 16-year-old female with a fibrous dysplasia in the maxilla and obliteration of the sinus in the same side. Cone beam computed tomography scan revealed a mixed radiopacity that extended from the alveolar crest of the right posterior teeth to the right orbital floor in the superior-inferior direction.

Osteoma Cutis and Tonsillolith: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.

In this study, we report a rare case of osteoma cutis (OC) and tonsillolith, diagnosed using cone beam computed tomography. The dystrophic calcifications in the face and tonsils were incidentally found during examination of the patient's scan with no relation to the main chief complaint. The diagnosis was OC, combined with dystrophic calcification of the tonsils.

The Face – A Musculoskeletal Perspective. A literature review.

The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the skull. This region is also referred to as the facial skeleton or viscerocranium.

The Face – A Vascular Perspective. A literature review.

Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably the most exposed part of the body and any changes of vascularity are readily visible (skin blanching, ecchymosis, hematoma, edema). With regard to the arterial supply, all vessels reaching the facial skin originate from the bilateral common carotid arteries.

Transcriptional regulatory control of mammalian nephron progenitors revealed by multi-factor cistromic analysis and genetic studies.

Nephron progenitor number determines nephron endowment; a reduced nephron count is linked to the onset of kidney disease. Several transcriptional regulators including Six2, Wt1, Osr1, Sall1, Eya1, Pax2, and Hox11 paralogues are required for specification and/or maintenance of nephron progenitors. However, little is known about the regulatory intersection of these players.