Older adults, clinicians, and researchers' preferences for measuring adherence to resistance and balance exercises.

Background: Resistance and balance training are important exercise interventions for older populations living with chronic diseases. Accurately measuring if an individual is adhering to exercises as prescribed is important to determine if lack of improvement in health outcomes is because of issues with adherence. Measuring adherence to resistance and balance exercises is limited by current methods that depend heavily on self-report and are often better at and tailored towards capturing aerobic training parameters (e.

Frailty in older people living with HIV: current status and clinical management.

This paper will update care providers on the clinical and scientific aspects of frailty which affects an increasing proportion of older people living with HIV (PLWH). The successful use of combination antiretroviral therapy has improved long-term survival in PLWH. This has increased the proportion of PLWH older than 50 to more than 50% of the HIV population.

Frailty indices based on self-report, blood-based biomarkers and examination-based data in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Frailty can be operationalised using the deficit accumulation approach, which considers health deficits across multiple domains. We aimed to develop, validate and compare three different frailty indices (FI) constructed from self-reported health measures (FI-Self Report), blood-based biomarkers (FI-Blood) and examination-based assessments (FI-Examination).

Methods: Up to 30,027 participants aged 45-85 years from the baseline (2011-2015) comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were included in the analyses.

Association between physical activity & sedentary time on frailty status in males and females living with diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone for the prevention and the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and frailty. However, no consensus exists on which intensities and types of PA are associated with frailty status among individuals living with DM. To investigate the association between different intensities and types of PA on frailty status in males and females living with DM.

CCCDTD5: Reducing the risk of later-life dementia. Evidence informing the Fifth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD-5).

The Fifth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD-5) was a year-long process to synthesize the best available evidence on several topics. Our group undertook evaluation of risk reduction, in eight domains: nutrition; physical activity; hearing; sleep; cognitive training and stimulation; social engagement and education; frailty; and medications. Here we describe the rationale for the undertaking and summarize the background evidence-this is also tabulated in the Appendix.

Frailty status and cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle-aged and older females.

Objective: Frailty and pre-frailty are known to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the risk profiles of females are not well characterized. The aim of this study is to characterize the CVD risk profiles of robust, pre-frail and frail females.

Association between lifestyle behaviors and frailty in Atlantic Canadian males and females.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify lifestyle factors in males and females that are associated with a greater degree of frailty in a Canadian cohort.

Methods: Cross-sectional data analysis from participants aged 30-74 yrs of the Atlantic PATH cohort. Inclusion criteria included completion of mental health questionnaires and ≥1 vital measure (n = 9133, 70% female, mean age 55 yrs).

Immediate post-exercise blood pressure and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females: A cross-sectional study.

This study examined whether immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females. A total of 548 normotensive, non-frail females aged 55 years and older with no previous history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) participated in this cross-sectional study. Large and small arterial compliance were assessed by pulse wave analysis.

Sex-differences in relation to the association between patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior with frailty.

Objective: To investigate the sex-difference in relation to the association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) patterns with frailty.

Method: Accelerometry from ≥50 year olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-04/2005-06 cycles) were included. Bouted and sporadic MVPA were defined as MVPA in ≥10 min or <10 min durations, respectively.

A Quasi-Experimental Study Examining the Impact and Challenges of Implementing a Fitness-Based Health Risk Assessment and a Physical Activity Counseling Intervention in the Workplace Setting.

Objectives: Few adults participate in enough physical activity for health benefits. The workplace provides a unique environment to deliver heath interventions and can be beneficial to the employee and the employer. The purpose of the study was to explore the use of a physical activity counseling (PAC) program and a fitness-based health risk assessment (fHRA) in the hospital workplace.

Prehabilitation: The Right Medicine for Older Frail Adults Anticipating Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, and Other Cardiovascular Care.

The wait before elective cardiac intervention or surgery presents an opportunity to prevent further physiologic decline preoperatively in older patients. Implementation of prehabilitation programs decreases length of hospital stay postoperatively, decreases time spent in the intensive care unit, decreases postoperative complications, and improves self-reported quality of life postsurgery. Prehabilitation programs should adopt multimodal approaches including nutrition, exercise, and worry reduction to improve patient resilience in the preoperative period.

Upright time during hospitalization for older inpatients: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine: a) how long and how frequently older hospitalized patients spend upright; b) whether duration and frequency of upright time change by time of the day, the day of the week, and during hospitalization; and c) whether these relationships differ based on the mobility level of patients at admission.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 111 patients (82.2 ± 8 years old, 52% female) from the Emergency Department and a Geriatric Assessment Unit who were at least 60 years old and had an anticipated length of stay of at least three days.

Impact of preoperative physical activity and depressive symptoms on post-cardiac surgical outcomes.

Objective: To determine the independent and combined impact of preoperative physical activity and depressive symptoms with hospital length of stay (HLOS), and postoperative re-hospitalization and mortality in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods: A cohort study including 405 elective and in-house urgent cardiac surgery patients were analyzed preoperatively. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to categorize patients as active and inactive.

Standardization of the Fried frailty phenotype improves cardiovascular disease risk discrimination.

Background: Standardizing the Fried criteria (S-FC) using cutoffs specific to the patient population improves adverse outcome prediction. However, there is limited evidence to determine if a S-FC assessment can improve discrimination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in middle-aged and older women.

Design: The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to compare the ability of the Fried frailty phenotype criteria (FC) to discriminate between individuals at higher risk for CVD according to the Framingham Risk Score and Rasmussen Disease Score in comparison to the S-FC.

Pre-Operative Frailty Status Is Associated with Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

While previous investigations have demonstrated the benefit of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on outcomes after cardiac surgery, the association between pre-operative frailty and post-operative CR completion is unclear. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if pre-operative frailty scores impacted CR completion post-operatively and if CR completion influenced frailty scores in 114 cardiac surgery patients. Frailty was assessed with the use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), the Modified Fried Criteria (MFC), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the Functional Frailty Index (FFI).

A systematic review of the association between sedentary behaviors with frailty.

Objective: Lifestyle factors such as physical activity are known to reduce the risk of frailty. However, less is known about the frailty-sedentary behavior relationship. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the available evidence concerning associations between sedentary behaviors and frailty levels in adults.

Exercise in Pregnancy and Children's Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Maternal metabolic health during the prenatal period is an established determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk. Many studies have focused on poor offspring outcomes after exposure to poor maternal health, while few have systematically appraised the evidence surrounding the role of maternal exercise in decreasing this risk. The aim of this study is to characterize and quantify the specific impact of prenatal exercise on children's cardiometabolic health markers, at birth and in childhood.

The association between bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity and patterns of sedentary behavior with frailty.

Objectives: To determine if bouts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and patterns of sedentary behavior are associated with frailty.

Method: Accelerometry from community-dwelling adults ≥50 years old (n = 2317) enrolled in the 2003-04 and 2005-06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Bouted (≥10 min) and sporadic (<10 min) durations of MVPA were analyzed based on meeting 0%, 1-49%, 50-99%, and ≥100% of physical activity guidelines (150 min/week of MVPA).