Disparities in traumatic brain injury-related deaths-the United States, 2021.

Objectives: This manuscript describes traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related mortality in the United States during 2021, by geography, sociodemographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, and injury intent.

Method: Multivariable modeling of TBI mortality was performed to assess the simultaneous effect of multiple factors (geographic region, sex, race and ethnicity, and age) included in the model. Authors analyzed multiple-cause-of-death data from the National Vital Statistics System and included records when an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) underlying cause of death injury code, and a TBI-related ICD-10 diagnosis code were both listed.

A descriptive exploration of the geographic and sociodemographic concentration of firearm homicide in the United States, 2004-2018.

This study examined the population-based incidence of firearm homicide in the United States to identify geographic concentrations and to determine whether such concentrations have changed over time. It further examined the simultaneous associations of urbanization, poverty, and ethnicity/race with firearm homicide incidence. Using county-level data from the National Vital Statistics System and the U.

Deaths from Fall-Related Traumatic Brain Injury - United States, 2008-2017.

One in 10 U.S. residents aged ≥18 years reports falling each year (1).

Effects of Poly-Victimization Before Age 18 on Health Outcomes in Young Kenyan Adults: Violence Against Children Survey.

Children's exposure to poly-victimization, which is the experience of multiple types of victimization, has been found to be associated with negative health outcomes and risk behaviors. We examined the collective effects of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional violence on selected self-reported health outcomes among young Kenyan females and males using the Violence Against Children Survey (VACS). Overall, 76.

Decreasing residential fire death rates and the association with the prevalence of adult cigarette smoking - United States, 1999-2015.

Introduction: Each year from 1999 through 2015, residential fires caused between 2,000 and 3,000 deaths in the U.S., totaling approximately 45,000 deaths during this period.

A Statistical Framework to Evaluate Extreme Weather Definitions from A Health Perspective: A Demonstration Based on Extreme Heat Events.

A statistical framework for evaluating definitions of extreme weather phenomena can help weather agencies and health departments identify the definition(s) most applicable for alerts nd other preparedness operations related to extreme weather episodes.

Increases in United States life expectancy through reductions in injury-related death.

Background: During the previous century the average lifespan in the United States (US) increased by over 30 years, with much of this increase attributed to public health initiatives. This report examines further gains that might be achieved through reduced occurrence of injury-related death.

Methods: US life tables and injury death rate data were used to estimate potential increases in life expectancy assuming various reductions in the rate of fatal injuries.

Notes from the Field: Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Buprenorphine/Naloxone Ingestion - United States, 2008-2015.

Expanding access to office-based medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid dependence is a key part of the national strategy to address the opioid abuse epidemic (1). However, as buprenorphine/naloxone prescribing increased, emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for unsupervised ingestions by young children began to increase, with buprenorphine/naloxone ingestions becoming the most common cause of hospitalization for medication ingestions by young children during 2010-2011 (2). Buprenorphine ingestions might be asymptomatic or can cause drowsiness, vomiting, or respiratory depression, which if untreated can result in death (3).

A data-driven allocation tool for in-kind resources distributed by a state health department.

Objective: The objective of this study was to leverage a state health department's operational data to allocate in-kind resources (children's car seats) to counties, with the proposition that need-based allocation could ultimately improve public health outcomes.

Methods: This study used a retrospective analysis of administrative data on car seats distributed to counties statewide by the Georgia Department of Public Health and development of a need-based allocation tool (presented as interactive supplemental digital content, adaptable to other types of in-kind public health resources) that relies on current county-level injury and sociodemographic data.

Results: Car seat allocation using public health data and a need-based formula resulted in substantially different recommended allocations to individual counties compared to historic distribution.

Contextual Determinants of Childhood Injury: A Systematic Review of Studies With Multilevel Analytic Methods.

Background: The definition of injury that underpins the contemporary approach to injury prevention is an etiological definition relating to bodily damage arising from transfer of energy to tissues of the body beyond the limits compatible with physiological function. Causal factors proximal to the energy transfer are nested within a more complex set of contextual determinants. For effective injury control, understanding of these determinants is critical.

National estimates of insulin-related hypoglycemia and errors leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Importance: Detailed, nationally representative data describing high-risk populations and circumstances involved in insulin-related hypoglycemia and errors (IHEs) can inform approaches to individualizing glycemic targets.

Objective: To describe the US burden, rates, and characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits and emergency hospitalizations for IHEs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Nationally representative public health surveillance of adverse drug events among insulin-treated patients seeking ED care (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project) and a national household survey of insulin use (the National Health Interview Survey) were used to obtain data from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2011.

Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for digoxin toxicity: United States, 2005 to 2010.

Background: Recent data on digoxin prescribing and adverse events are lacking but could help inform the management of digoxin in contemporary heart failure treatment.

Methods And Results: We determined nationally representative numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for digoxin toxicity in the United States using 2005 to 2010 reports from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project and the National Ambulatory (and Hospital Ambulatory) Medical Care Surveys. Based on 441 cases, an estimated 5156 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2663-7648) ED visits for digoxin toxicity occurred annually in the United States; more than three fourths (78.

Statistical air quality predictions for public health surveillance: evaluation and generation of county level metrics of PM2.5 for the environmental public health tracking network.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed county level metrics for the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking Network) to characterize potential population exposure to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM(2.5)).

Characteristics of fatal abusive head trauma among children in the USA: 2003-2007: an application of the CDC operational case definition to national vital statistics data.

Objective: In March of 2008, an expert panel was convened at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop code-based case definitions for abusive head trauma (AHT) in children under 5 years of age based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) nature and cause of injury codes. This study presents the operational case definition and applies it to US death data.

Methods: National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System data on multiple cause-of-death from 2003 to 2007 were examined.

National estimates of emergency department visits for hemorrhage-related adverse events from clopidogrel plus aspirin and from warfarin.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) with clopidogrel plus aspirin is a well-established antithrombotic strategy, with hemorrhage being the chief adverse event (AE) of concern. Outside of clinical trials, few published data describe the magnitude and nature of hemorrhage-related AEs from DAT.

Methods: To estimate the numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for hemorrhage-related AEs (hemorrhage or evaluation for potential hemorrhage) from DAT in the United States and put them in the context of those from warfarin, we analyzed AEs from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project, 2006-2008, and outpatient prescribing from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2006-2007.