Is all physical activity equal? Investigating the total and domain-specific relationships between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in U.S. adults (NHANES 2013-2018).

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) reduces the likelihood of MetS, but it is a complex behavior and is accumulated in multiple domains.

Purpose: To cross-sectionally investigate the total and domain-specific relationships between PA and MetS in U.

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Breaking up/Interrupting Sedentary Behavior on Health Outcomes Among Community-Dwelling Adults 60+ Years.

Background/objectives:  The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the impact of breaks in sedentary time on cardiovascular, metabolic, functional, and psychosocial health of adults aged 60 years and older.

Methods:  A systematic search of databases was performed in May 2024. This review was registered with PROSPERO (#374311) and has been reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Sit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength.

With a growing aging population, the routine assessment of physical function may become a critical component of clinical practice. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to compare two common assessments of muscular function: (1) isometric knee extension strength (KES) and (2) sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power tests, in predicting objective physical function (i.e.

Using Computer Vision to Annotate Video-Recoded Direct Observation of Physical Behavior.

Direct observation is a ground-truth measure for physical behavior, but the high cost limits widespread use. The purpose of this study was to develop and test machine learning methods to recognize aspects of physical behavior and location from videos of human movement: Adults (N = 26, aged 18-59 y) were recorded in their natural environment for two, 2- to 3-h sessions. Trained research assistants annotated videos using commercially available software including the following taxonomies: (1) sedentary versus non-sedentary (two classes); (2) activity type (four classes: sedentary, walking, running, and mixed movement); and (3) activity intensity (four classes: sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous).

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy: a prospective study.

Background: Prior studies evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy physical activity (PA) have largely been limited to internet-based surveys not validated for use in pregnancy.

Methods: This study used data from the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire Validation study conducted from 2019-2021. A prospective cohort of 50 pregnant women completed the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire (PPAQ), validated for use in pregnancy, in early, mid, and late pregnancy and wore an ActiGraph GT3X-BT for seven days.

Accessibility and use of novel methods for predicting physical activity and energy expenditure using accelerometry: a scoping review.

Use of raw acceleration data and/or 'novel' analytic approaches like machine learning for physical activity measurement will not be widely implemented if methods are not accessible to researchers.: This scoping review characterizes the validation approach, accessibility and use of novel analytic techniques for classifying energy expenditure and/or physical activity intensity using raw or count-based accelerometer data.: Three databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and February 2021.

Methods for estimating physical activity and energy expenditure using raw accelerometry data or novel analytical approaches: a repository, framework, and reporting guidelines.

The proliferation of approaches for analyzing accelerometer data using raw acceleration or novel analytic approaches like machine learning ('novel methods') outpaces their implementation in practice. This may be due to lack of accessibility, either because authors do not provide their developed models or because these models are difficult to find when included as supplementary material. Additionally, when access to a model is provided, authors may not include example data or instructions on how to use the model.

The Impact of Stand-Biased Desks on Afterschool Physical Activity Behaviors of Elementary School Children.

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess whether students’ use of stand-biased desks during the school day influenced physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) during the afterschool period. By using a crossover design consisting of two 9-week intervention periods, 99 participants from grades 3, 4, and 6 were randomly assigned by their teacher to either a traditional (Group 1; sit−stand) or stand-biased (Group 2; stand−sit) desk in the classroom. The desk type then switched between intervention periods.

Objective Physical Activity Levels, Sedentary Time, and Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function: Impact on Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults.

Limited physical activity, sedentary behavior, and reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function are accompanied by negative outcomes. The relationship between these factors and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has yet to be elucidated in continuing care retirement community (CCRC) residents. The current study investigated the relationships among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and muscle mass, strength, and function to physical and mental HRQoL.

Validation of a series of walking and stepping tests to predict maximal oxygen consumption in adults aged 18-79 years.

Introduction: Field tests to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) are an alternative to traditional exercise testing methods. Published field tests and their accompanying estimation equations account for up to 80% of the variance in VO2max with an error rate of ~4.5 ml.

Self-management processes, sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors: impact on muscle outcomes in continuing care retirement community residents.

Background: Despite the known benefits of non-sedentary behavior, physical activity, and protein and caloric intake to health and muscle mass, strength, and function, many older adults do not meet physical activity and dietary recommendations. A better understanding of the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes (muscle mass, strength, and function) is needed, particularly among continuing care retirement community residents. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes among continuing care retirement community residents.

Accelerometer Calibration: The Importance of Considering Functionality.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy and precision of a hip-worn accelerometer to predict energy cost during structured activities across motor performance and disease conditions.

Methods: 118 adults self-identifying as healthy ( = 44) and those with arthritis ( = 23), multiple sclerosis ( = 18), Parkinson's disease ( = 17), and stroke ( =18) underwent measures of motor performance and were categorized into groups: Group 1, usual; Group 2, moderate impairment; and Group 3, severe impairment. The participants completed structured activities while wearing an accelerometer and a portable metabolic measurement system.

Validation of Wearable Camera Still Images to Assess Posture in Free-Living Conditions.

Purpose: To assess the convergent validity of body worn wearable camera (WC) still-images (IMGs) for determining posture compared with activPAL (AP) classifications.

Methods: Participants (n=16, mean age 46.7±23.

Identification of Latent Classes of Motor Performance in a Heterogenous Population of Adults.

Objective: To determine classes of motor performance based on community deployable motor impairment and functional tests in a heterogeneous adult population.

Design: Sixteen tests of limb-specific and whole-body measures of motor impairment and function were obtained. Linear regression analysis was used to dichotomize performance on each test as falling within or outside the age- and sex-predicted values.

The Use of Consumer Wearable Physical Activity Monitors in Clinical Populations with Functional Limitations.

Functionally limiting health conditions have a high rate of prevalence worldwide and incur a significant amount of economic burden. Physical activity (PA) can prevent the onset of these conditions and alleviate economic burden by reducing symptoms, but a large portion of these individuals do not engage in health enhancing PA. Consumer wearable physical activity monitors (WPAM) are tools that have become increasingly popular within the past few years and could provide a means to improve PA levels for individuals with health conditions that cause functional limitations.

Older adults' physical activity-related social control and social support in the context of personal norms.

This study investigated whether perceived physical activity norms moderated the effects of physical activity-related social interactions on intentions to engage in physical activity among community-residing older adults ( = 217). Structural equation modeling tested whether two types of social support and social control interacted with personal norms in predicting intentions to be active. Emotional and informational support were associated with higher intentions, and negative social control was associated with lower intentions to engage in activity.

Attentiveness and Fidgeting While Using a Stand-Biased Desk in Elementary School Children.

Standing desks are a viable option to decrease sedentary time in the classroom. However, it is important that standing desks are not detrimental to classroom behavior or learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stand-biased desks on fidgeting and attentiveness.

Acceptance and Feasibility of Seated Elliptical Pedaling to Replace Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a seated pedaling device to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in the homes of older adults.

Methods: Each participant (N = 20) was outfitted with an activity monitor and seated pedaling device in the home for 7 days and randomly assigned to one of four light-intensity pedaling groups (15, 30, 45, and 60 min/day).

Results: There was 100% adherence in all groups and significant group differences in the minutes pedaled per day (p < .

Pacemaker detected active minutes are superior to pedometer-based step counts in measuring the response to physical activity counseling in sedentary older adults.

Background: In patients with permanent pacemakers (PPM), physical activity (PA) can be monitored using embedded accelerometers to measure pacemaker detected active hours (PDAH), a strong predictor of mortality. We examined the impact of a PA Counseling (PAC) intervention on increasing activity as measured by PDAH and daily step counts.

Methods: Thirteen patients (average age 80 ± 6 years, 84.

Pedometer Feedback Interventions Increase Daily Physical Activity in Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation Participants.

Purpose: To determine the effects of individually tailored interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) in cardiac patients.

Methods: A total of 99 (77 men and 22 women, 61.5 ± 10.

A Framework to Evaluate Devices That Assess Physical Behavior.

Body-worn devices that estimate physical behavior have tremendous potential to address key research gaps. However, there is no consensus on how devices and processing methods should be developed and evaluated, resulting in large differences in summary estimates and confusion for end users. We propose a phase-based framework for developing and evaluating devices that emphasizes robust validation studies in naturalistic conditions.

Energy Cost of Slow and Normal Gait Speeds in Low and Normally Functioning Adults.

Objective: Slow walking speed paired with increased energy cost is a strong predictor for mortality and disability in older adults but has yet to be examined in a heterogeneous sample (ie, age, sex, disease status). The aim of this study was to examine energy cost of slow and normal walking speeds among low- and normal-functioning adults.

Design: Adults aged 20-90 yrs were recruited for this study.

Do Stand-Biased Desks in the Classroom Change School-Time Activity and Sedentary Behavior?

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stand-biased desks on the physical activity and sedentary behavior of third, fourth and sixth grade students across the school year. : This within classroom crossover design study used teacher-determined allocation for seating within each classroom. Half of the students used a stand-biased desk and half used a sitting desk.

Duration-Response of Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Glucose Dynamics in Older Adults.

Background: Older adults spend 30% of their day in light-intensity physical activity (LPA). This study was designed to determine if increasing the proportion of time spent in LPA would affect glucose control.

Methods: Older adults (N = 9) completed four 3-hour treatment conditions consisting of a seated control and 3 randomized conditions: (1) 20% time spent in continuous LPA, 80% seated; (2) 40% time spent in continuous LPA, 60% seated; and (3) 60% time spent in continuous LPA, 40% seated.

Pattern Analysis of Sedentary Behavior Change after a Walking Intervention.

Objectives: We examined the pattern of change in sedentary behavior (SB) resulting from a physical activity (PA) intervention in older adults, and the influence of sex on changes in SB.

Methods: One hundred twenty (N = 120) inactive older adults from 2 12-week step/day-target interventions were included in this pooled reanalysis. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (STEP) or control group (CON).