The Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Carbon Dioxide Accumulation in Apneic or Spontaneously Breathing Adults During Airway Surgery: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Background: High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is an emerging technology that has generated interest in tubeless anesthesia for airway surgery. HFNO has been shown to maintain oxygenation and CO2 clearance in spontaneously breathing patients and is an effective approach to apneic oxygenation. Although it has been suggested that HFNO can enhance CO2 clearance during apnea, this has not been established.