Obesity and Male Infertility: True, True, and Unrelated?

While the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased worldwide, there has also been a notable decline in semen parameters over the last several decades. While obesity can negatively impact reproductive hormones, many studies have sought a link between rising obesity and decreased male fertility potential. Nonetheless, few data support a direct link between the two.

The contribution of the immune system to genitourinary fibrosis.

Fibrotic diseases of the genitourinary tract are devastating and incompletely understood pathologies. These diseases include urethral and ureteral strictures, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and Peyronie's disease. They can contribute to obstructive uropathy and sexual dysfunction.

Peyronie's disease: is it genetic or not?

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a devastating disease that affects up to 13% of adult men. While trauma to the erect penis is common prior to onset, it is clear that trauma alone is not sufficient to cause PD. Over the past 40 years, multiple lines of evidence have pointed to a genetic factor that predisposes some men to develop PD.

Penile Rehabilitation: The "Up"-date.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to review the penile rehabilitation literature published since the beginning of 2017. Specific emphasis was placed on determining how the new findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms leading to recovery of erectile function after pelvic surgery and to identify potential focus areas for future studies.

Recent Findings: A meta-analysis of penile rehabilitation after prostatectomy was published in early 2017 reporting that PDE-5 inhibitors, intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy and vacuum erection devices (VED) improved erectile function; however, the benefit was not observed after a washout period.

Where are we going with gene screening for male infertility?

Male infertility is a heterogenous disease process requiring the proper functioning and interaction of thousands of genes. Given the number of genes involved, it is thought that genetic causes contribute to most cases of infertility. Identifying these causes, however, is challenging.

Iron and a Man's Reproductive Health: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss the physiologic and pathologic effects of iron on men's reproductive health.

Recent Findings: Iron overload diseases are associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, infertility, and sexual dysfunction in men. Recent findings have elucidated the roles by which iron may affect the male reproductive axis.

Adipocyte iron regulates leptin and food intake.

Dietary iron supplementation is associated with increased appetite. Here, we investigated the effect of iron on the hormone leptin, which regulates food intake and energy homeostasis. Serum ferritin was negatively associated with serum leptin in a cohort of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity.

Iron overload is associated with increased diabetes risk. We therefore investigated the effect of iron on adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine that is decreased in diabetic patients. In humans, normal-range serum ferritin levels were inversely associated with adiponectin, independent of inflammation.

Pediatric urinary stone composition in the United States.

Purpose: The incidence of urolithiasis in children is increasing. However, stone composition studies in this population are limited. We sought to determine the effects of age, gender and geographical location on urinary stone composition in the United States pediatric population.

Dietary iron restriction or iron chelation protects from diabetes and loss of beta-cell function in the obese (ob/ob lep-/-) mouse.

Iron overload can cause insulin deficiency, but in some cases this may be insufficient to result in diabetes. We hypothesized that the protective effects of decreased iron would be more significant with increased beta-cell demand and stress. Therefore, we treated the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes with an iron-restricted diet (35 mg/kg iron) or with an oral iron chelator.

Regulation of Akt signaling by O-GlcNAc in euglycemia.

The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) regulates the posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Numerous studies have demonstrated that, in hyperglycemic conditions, excessive glucose flux through this pathway contributes to the development of insulin resistance. The role of the HBP in euglycemia, however, remains largely unknown.

Increased glucose disposal and AMP-dependent kinase signaling in a mouse model of hemochromatosis.

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder of increased iron absorption that can result in cirrhosis, diabetes, and other morbidities. We have investigated the mechanisms underlying supranormal glucose tolerance despite decreased insulin secretion in a mouse model of hemochromatosis with deletion of the hemochromatosis gene (Hfe(-/-)). Hfe(-/-) mice on 129Sv or C57BL/6J backgrounds have decreased glucose excursions after challenge compared with controls.

Molecular basis for RNA kink-turn recognition by the h15.5K small RNP protein.

The interaction between box C/D small nucleolar (sno)RNAs and the 15.5K protein nucleates snoRNP assembly. Many eukaryotic snoRNAs contain two potential binding sites for this protein, only one of which appears to be utilized in vivo.