Using QR Code Technology to Reduce Self-Administered Medication Errors.

Background: Data indicate there are tens of thousands of self-administered medication errors each year in the United States alone.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether information embedded in Quick Response (QR) codes could reduce self-administered medication errors compared to current medication labeling among older and younger age groups.

Methods: Two population samples (Arizona State University undergraduates and senior citizens over 70; n = 55) were recruited for participation.

Longitudinal study of the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment to study teacher stress: Objective and self-reported measures.

There is a lack of comprehensive research on Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) feasibility to study occupational stress, especially its long-term sustainability. EMA application in education contexts has also been sparse. This study investigated the feasibility of using EMA to study teacher stress over 2 years using both objective compliance data and a self-reported feasibility survey.

Effects of intelligent advanced warnings on drivers negotiating the dilemma zone.

Objective: We investigated whether intelligent advanced warnings of the end of green traffic signals help drivers negotiate the dilemma zone (DZ) at signalized intersections and sought to identify behavioral mechanisms for any warning-related benefits.

Background: Prior research suggested that warnings of end of green can increase slowing and stopping frequency given the DZ, but drivers may sometimes respond to warnings by speeding up.

Method: In two simulator studies, we compared six types of roadway or in-vehicle warnings with a no-warning control condition.

Applying visual attention theory to transportation safety research and design: evaluation of alternative automobile rear lighting systems.

This field experiment takes a novel approach in applying methodologies and theories of visual search to the subject of conspicuity in automobile rear lighting. Traditional rear lighting research has not used the visual search paradigm in experimental design. It is our claim that the visual search design uniquely uncovers visual attention processes operating when drivers search the visual field that current designs fail to capture.

Capturing attention to brake lamps.

Rear-end collisions and distraction are major concerns and basic research in cognitive psychology concerning attention in visual search is applicable to these problems. It is proposed that using yellow tail lamps will result in faster reaction times and fewer errors than current tail lamp coloring (red) in detecting brake lamps (red) in a "worst case" scenario where brake lamp onset, lamp intensity and temporal and contextual cues are not available. Participants engaged in a visual search for brake lamps in two conditions, one using red tail lamps with red brake lamps and one with the proposed combination of yellow tail lamps with red brake lamps in which they indicated by keyboard response the presence or absence of braking cars.