Unlocking success: community engagement for enhanced HIV care outcomes.

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV focus on non-clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team uses linked clinical and multisector non-clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of individuals living with HIV and other invested community members to guide and inform this research.

Unlocking Success: Community Engagement for Enhanced HIV Care Outcomes.

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV (PLWH) focus on non-clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team has used linked clinical and multisector non-clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of invested patients and community members to guide and inform this research.

Retention and the Intersection of Structural Inequities in a Breastfeeding Intervention Study.

Introduction: Women below the poverty threshold have lower representation and retention in breastfeeding studies.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal randomized controlled self-management for breast and nipple pain during breastfeeding study. Participants completed online surveys at discharge, weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24, with face-to-face interviews at 6 and 24 weeks.

Compartmentalized SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Upper vs Lower Respiratory Tract After Intranasal Inoculation or Aerosol Exposure.

Nonhuman primate models are essential for the development of vaccines and antivirals against infectious diseases. Rhesus macaques are a widely utilized infection model for SARS-CoV-2. We compared cellular tropism and virus replication in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 via the intranasal route or via exposure to aerosols.

Wind and structural loads data measured on parabolic trough solar collectors at an operational power plant.

Wind loading is a primary contributor to structural design costs of concentrating solar-thermal power collectors, such as heliostats and parabolic troughs. These structures must resist the mechanical forces generated by turbulent wind, while the reflector surfaces must maintain optimal optical performance. Studying wind-driven loads at a full-scale, operational concentrating solar-thermal power plant provides insights into the wind impact on the solar collector field beyond the capabilities of wind tunnel tests or state-of-the-art simulations.

Atypical Ebola Virus Disease in a Rhesus Macaque.

Ebola virus (EBOV)-Makona infected more than 30 000 people from 2013 to 2016 in West Africa, among them many health care workers including foreign nationals. Most of the infected foreign nationals were evacuated and treated in their respective home countries, resulting in detailed reports of the acute disease following EBOV infection as well as descriptions of symptoms now known as post-Ebola syndrome, which occurred months after the infection. Symptoms associated with this syndrome include uveitis and neurological manifestations.

Ebola Virus Tropism in Ex Vivo Cynomolgus Macaque Ocular Tissues.

Ocular complications of Ebola virus disease are well-documented and long-term sequelae in survivors are common and lead to considerable morbidity. However, little is currently known regarding EBOV's tropism and replication kinetics within the eye. To date, limited studies have utilized in vitro infections of ocular cell lines and analyses of archived pathology samples to investigate these issues.

Severe acute respiratory disease in American mink experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2.

An animal model that fully recapitulates severe COVID-19 presentation in humans has been a top priority since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Although multiple animal models are available for mild to moderate clinical disease, models that develop severe disease are still needed. Mink experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed severe acute respiratory disease, as evident by clinical respiratory disease, radiological, and histological changes.

Distinct VSV-based Nipah virus vaccines expressing either glycoprotein G or fusion protein F provide homologous and heterologous protection in a nonhuman primate model.

Background: Nipah virus (NiV) causes recurrent outbreaks of lethal respiratory and neurological disease in Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization considers the development of an effective vaccine against NiV a priority.

Methods: We produced two NiV vaccine candidates using the licensed VSV-EBOV vaccine as a backbone and tested its efficacy against lethal homologous and heterologous NiV challenge with Nipah virus Bangladesh and Nipah virus Malaysia, respectively, in the African green monkey model.

Temporal analysis of Lassa virus infection and transmission in experimentally infected .

Little is known about the temporal patterns of infection and transmission of Lassa virus (LASV) within its natural reservoir (). Here, we characterize infection dynamics and transmissibility of a LASV isolate (Soromba-R) in adult lab-reared originating from Mali. The lab-reared M.

Development of a nonhuman primate model for mammalian bornavirus infection.

Until recently, it was assumed that members of the family could not induce severe disease in humans. Today, however, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), as well as the more recently emerged variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), are known as causative agents of lethal encephalitis in humans. In order to establish animal models reflecting the pathogenesis in humans and for countermeasure efficacy testing, we infected twelve rhesus macaques ( either with VSBV-1 or with BoDV-1.

Breast Cancer Screening: An Overview of Risk-specific Screening and Risk Assessment.

Breast cancer screening decreases stage at diagnosis, treatment morbidity, and disease mortality. A comprehensive risk assessment is critical to determine an individual's most appropriate screening regimen. Multiple guidelines exist for screening mammography in average-risk individuals, which differ on age and frequency of screening.

Toward Optimization of a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) Skin and Soft Tissue Infection.

Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) globally. In the United States, many of these infections are caused by isolates classified as USA300. Our understanding of the success of USA300 as a human pathogen is due in part to data obtained from animal infection models, including rabbit SSTI models.

Executive Summary of the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognized the need for educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists convened a panel of experts in evidence review from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology and content experts from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology to review relevant literature, best practices, and existing practice guidelines as a first step toward developing evidence-based educational materials for women's health care clinicians about uterine cancer. Panel members conducted structured literature reviews, which were then reviewed by other panel members and discussed at a virtual meeting of stakeholder professional and patient advocacy organizations in January 2021.

Health Disparities in Uterine Cancer: Report From the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognized the need for educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists convened a panel of experts in evidence review from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology and content experts from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology to review relevant literature, best practices, and existing practice guidelines for the development of evidence-based educational materials for women's health care clinicians about uterine cancer. This article is the evidence summary of the literature review of health disparities and inequities related to uterine cancer.

Impairing RAGE signaling promotes survival and limits disease pathogenesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms driving morbidity following SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been well defined. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a central mediator of tissue injury and contributes to SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis. In this study, we temporally delineated key cell and molecular events leading to lung injury in mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessed efficacy of therapeutically targeting RAGE to improve survival.

Inflammatory diseases of the breast.

Inflammatory disorders of the breast are common benign breast conditions. Lactational mastitis occurs in breastfeeding women and may be associated with breast abscess in severe cases. Non-lactational inflammatory disorders are less common and include idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and tuberculous mastitis.

Histologic pulmonary lesions of SARS-CoV-2 in 4 nonhuman primate species: An institutional comparative review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergent, amphixenotic infection that resulted in a pandemic declaration in March 2020. A rapid search for appropriate animal models of this newly emergent viral respiratory disease focused initially on traditional nonhuman primate research species. Nonhuman primate models have previously been shown to be valuable in evaluation of emerging respiratory coronaviruses with pandemic potential (ie, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus).

A pigtailed macaque model of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus pathogenesis.

Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and the closely related Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus (AHFV) are emerging flaviviruses that cause severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Increasing geographical expansion and case numbers, particularly of KFDV in southwest India, class these viruses as a public health threat. Viral pathogenesis is not well understood and additional vaccines and antivirals are needed to effectively counter the impact of these viruses.

Differential pathogenesis of closely related 2018 Nigerian outbreak clade III Lassa virus isolates.

Nigeria continues to experience ever increasing annual outbreaks of Lassa fever (LF). The World Health Organization has recently declared Lassa virus (LASV) as a priority pathogen for accelerated research leading to a renewed international effort to develop relevant animal models of disease and effective countermeasures to reduce LF morbidity and mortality in endemic West African countries. A limiting factor in evaluating medical countermeasures against LF is a lack of well characterized animal models outside of those based on infection with LASV strain Josiah originating form Sierra Leone, circa 1976.

Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with a broad species tropism, originating in pteropid bats. Human outbreaks of NiV disease occur almost annually, often with high case-fatality rates. The specific events that lead to pathogenesis are not well defined, but the disease has both respiratory and encephalitic components, with relapsing encephalitis occurring in some cases more than a year after initial infection.

Improving compliance with guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through an electronic health record alert: A retrospective chart review.

Objectives: Improve appropriate and timely administration of rapid acting antihypertensive medication for the management of hypertensive emergency in pregnancy with utilization of an automated electronic health record (EHR) alert in an academic birthplace.

Study Design: An automated alert was incorporated into an existing EHR that notified providers of a documented severe range blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 110 mmHg. Retrospective chart review was utilized to evaluate appropriate intervention before and after implementation of the alert (referred to as pre-implementation and post-implementation cohorts).

Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding a full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein, which induced potent binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. In a MERS-CoV challenge, all immunized rhesus macaques exhibited reduced clinical symptoms, lowered viral lung load, and decreased severity of pathological signs of disease compared with controls.

Establishment of a Genetically Confirmed Breeding Colony of from Wild-Caught Founders from West Africa.

are a ubiquitous and often dominant rodent across sub-Saharan Africa. Importantly, they are a natural reservoir for microbial pathogens including Lassa virus (LASV), the etiological agent of Lassa fever in humans. Lassa-infected rodents have been documented across West Africa and coincide with regions where annual outbreaks occur.