Structures and mRNP remodeling mechanism of the TREX-2 complex.

mRNAs are packaged with proteins into messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in the nucleus. mRNP assembly and export are of fundamental importance for all eukaryotic gene expression. Before export to the cytoplasm, mRNPs undergo dynamic remodeling governed by the DEAD-box helicase DDX39B (yeast Sub2).

Sleep Differences in Firefighters: Barracks vs. Home.

Unlabelled: It has been shown that the firefighter occupation leads to poor sleep quality and sleep architecture. Disturbed sleep in these occupations can lead to deleterious outcomes including a series of chronic diseases and illnesses such as CVD.

Purpose: The aims were (1) to quantify firefighters' sleep via polysomnography, (2) to identify differences between sleeping in the barracks versus sleeping at home, and (3) to compare firefighter data to age-matched normative data.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is an Indicator of Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Blood Pressure in Healthy Adolescents.

We aimed to investigate the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition on arterial stiffness. Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and aortic systolic (ASBP) and diastolic (ADBP) blood pressure were compared between upper and lower tertiles of oxygen consumption at the aerobic threshold (VO), peak oxygen consumption (VO), percentage of fat mass (FM%), and body mass index (BMI) in sixty adolescents (30 males and 30 females, 14.9 ± 2.

Familiarization with ambulatory sleep and blood pressure monitoring is necessary for representative data collection.

Ambulatory sleep and blood pressure monitoring are gaining popularity as these can be completed in an individual's home. Little is known regarding the reliability of data and the time it takes to acclimate to the equipment. This study aimed to determine how many nights of wearing the monitoring equipment were required to restore sleep architecture and blood pressure data to baseline.

Central arterial stiffness, wave reflection, and heart rate variability following 4-week high-intensity resistance training intervention in young active women.

Purpose: Arterial stiffness, expedited wave reflection, and autonomic dysfunction are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Evaluation of the effects of resistance training on these factors has been inconclusive, and even less is known about the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). This study evaluated the effects of a 4-week HIRT intervention on central arterial stiffness, wave reflection, and heart rate variability in young healthy and active women.

Measures of ejection duration and subendocardial viability ratio in normal weight and overweight adolescent children.

The aim of our study was to determine how being overweight (OW) affects measures of ejection duration (ED), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), and central arterial health in a sample of adolescent children. Thirty-four sex and age-matched adolescent children (n = 34, 17 OW, age = 14 ± 2 years) participated in one laboratory visit. Anthropometric measures, body composition, and cardiovascular measures including resting heart rate, aortic systolic blood pressure (ASBP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), ED (EDms absolute vs.

Correlation Between Heart Rate at Maximal Fat Oxidation and Aerobic Threshold in Healthy Adolescent Boys and Girls.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the heart rate (HR) at maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the HR at the aerobic threshold (AerT) in adolescent boys and girls, and to identify sex differences in the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) as a percentage of HR peak (HRpeak).

Methods: Fifty-eight healthy adolescents participated in this study (29 boys and 29 girls). Participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer.

Opposite Surfaces of the Cdc15 F-BAR Domain Create a Membrane Platform That Coordinates Cytoskeletal and Signaling Components for Cytokinesis.

Many eukaryotes assemble an actin- and myosin-based cytokinetic ring (CR) on the plasma membrane (PM) for cell division, but how it is anchored there remains unclear. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the F-BAR protein Cdc15 links the PM via its F-BAR domain to proteins in the CR's interior via its SH3 domain. However, Cdc15's F-BAR domain also directly binds formin Cdc12, suggesting that Cdc15 may polymerize a protein network directly adjacent to the membrane.

Bicelles Rich in both Sphingolipids and Cholesterol and Their Use in Studies of Membrane Proteins.

How the distinctive lipid composition of mammalian plasma membranes impacts membrane protein structure is largely unexplored, partly because of the dearth of isotropic model membrane systems that contain abundant sphingolipids and cholesterol. This gap is addressed by showing that phingomyelin and hlesterol-ich (SCOR) lipid mixtures with phosphatidylcholine can be cosolubilized by -dodecyl-β-melibioside to form bicelles. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, as well as cryo-electron microscopy, demonstrate that these assemblies are stable over a wide range of conditions and exhibit the bilayered-disc morphology of ideal bicelles even at low lipid-to-detergent mole ratios.

The effect of acute alcohol ingestion on systemic hemodynamics and sleep architecture in young, healthy men.

Heightened nocturnal blood pressure (BP) may be attributed to the disruption of sleep, a condition worsened by alcohol ingestion. This study investigated the effects of acute alcohol ingestion on hemodynamics and sleep architecture in a young, healthy cohort of male. METHODS: Subjects ( = 17) underwent acute alcohol ingestion reaching a breath alcohol content of 0.

Comprehensive Clinicopathologic Analyses of Acquired Cystic Disease-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma With Focus on Adverse Prognostic Factors and Metastatic Lesions.

Acquired cystic disease of kidney-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma with unique morphologic and clinicopathologic features. Generally, ACD-RCC is regarded as an indolent tumor; however, prognostic and outcomes data have been conflicted by the limited and relatively low number of cases with patient follow-up or adverse events. In this study, we focused on the histology of metastatic lesions and identifying prognostic factors associated with metastatic progression.

Withings Body Cardio versus Gold Standards of Pulse-Wave Velocity and Body Composition.

Unlabelled: Home blood pressure monitors are widely used by consumers yet cardiovascular health may be better defined by pulse-wave velocity (PWV). So far, the Withings Body Cardio scale is the only consumer device that has been designed to measure PWV and body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), in the home setting. While one study has demonstrated that this device meets the acceptable accuracy standards of the ARTERY Society, no study has accounted for the gravitational effect of standing on a scale on aortic-leg PWV.

Effects of Continuous vs Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Cardiac Autonomic Remodeling.

The aim of this study was to examine the cardiac autonomic nervous system differences following either continuous vs. discontinuous exercise in males and females. Forty-seven healthy male and female subjects (M=19, F=28; Age=36.

Extreme Conditioning Program Induced Acute Hypotensive Effects are Independent of the Exercise Session Intensity.

The aim of the study was to determine the acute systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) responses following two intense training sessions (24 hours apart). Nine male extreme conditioning program (ECP) practitioners with more than 6 months of experience (age 26.7 ± 6.

Metabolomic Shifts Following Play-Based Activity in Overweight Preadolescents.

Background: Play-based activities can be a positive intervention to increase participation of overweight children. Metabolomics can reveal elemental shifts in the metabolome, lending to potential mechanistic explanations behind improvements in physiological systems.

Objective: To elucidate dose-response urinary metabolomic signature shifts in overweight preadolescents following four or eight weeks of supervised play-based activity versus a typical summer break control group.

How consumer physical activity monitors could transform human physiology research.

A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity are well-established risk factors for chronic disease and adverse health outcomes. Thus, there is enormous interest in measuring physical activity in biomedical research. Many consumer physical activity monitors, including Basis Health Tracker, BodyMedia Fit, DirectLife, Fitbit Flex, Fitbit One, Fitbit Zip, Garmin Vivofit, Jawbone UP, MisFit Shine, Nike FuelBand, Polar Loop, Withings Pulse O, and others have accuracies similar to that of research-grade physical activity monitors for measuring steps.

Effects of tai chi chuan on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults: lessons from a randomized controlled feasibility study.

Objective: To determine feasibility and estimate the effect of a 10-week tai chi chuan (TCC) intervention on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults.

Participants: Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) from a predominately undergraduate midsized university.

Methods: This was an assessor blinded, randomized feasibility trial, and participants were randomized into one of three groups: 10 weeks of TCC meeting 2 times per week, 10 weeks of TCC with a DVD of the curriculum, and control group receiving a handout on anxiety management.

Differential Effects of Continuous Versus Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics.

Landram, MJ, Utter, AC, Baldari, C, Guidetti, L, McAnulty, SR, and Collier, SR. Differential effects of continuous versus discontinuous aerobic training on blood pressure and hemodynamics. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 97-104, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare the hemodynamic, arterial stiffness, and blood flow changes after 4 weeks of either continuous or discontinuous aerobic exercise in adults.

Tai Chi and Kung-Fu practice maintains physical performance but not vascular health in young versus old participants.

Objectives: Kung-Fu and Tai Chi along with other martial arts are gaining popularity but studies examining the benefits of martial arts on physical fitness, vascular health, nutrition, and psychological wellness are limited. Aging is associated with declines in these health components. The objectives of this study were to examine whether Tai Chi and Kung-Fu training would maintain physical fitness, vascular health, and psychological wellness components on older versus younger practitioners.

Biased Brownian motion as a mechanism to facilitate nanometer-scale exploration of the microtubule plus end by a kinesin-8.

Kinesin-8s are plus-end-directed motors that negatively regulate microtubule (MT) length. Well-characterized members of this subfamily (Kip3, Kif18A) exhibit two important properties: (i) They are "ultraprocessive," a feature enabled by a second MT-binding site that tethers the motors to a MT track, and (ii) they dissociate infrequently from the plus end. Together, these characteristics combined with their plus-end motility cause Kip3 and Kif18A to enrich preferentially at the plus ends of long MTs, promoting MT catastrophes or pausing.

Mobile phones in residential treatment: implications for practice.

A nonprofit primary care, substance abuse and mental health treatment provider that operates nine separate residential treatment facilities in both northern and southern California began allowing clients to keep their mobile phones while in treatment. From the advent of mobile phone technology and its widespread adoption through early 2013, the organization prohibited clients from having phones while in treatment. Calls to and from clients needed to be made and received at the house phone.

Acute Sodium Ingestion Before Exercise Increases Voluntary Water Consumption Resulting In Preexercise Hyperhydration and Improvement in Exercise Performance in the Heat.

Dehydration has been shown to hinder performance of sustained exercise in the heat. Consuming fluids before exercise can result in hyperhydration, delay the onset of dehydration during exercise and improve exercise performance. However, humans normally drink only in response to thirst, which does not result in hyperhydration.

Glycolytic enzymes localize to ribonucleoprotein granules in Drosophila germ cells, bind Tudor and protect from transposable elements.

Germ cells give rise to all cell lineages in the next-generation and are responsible for the continuity of life. In a variety of organisms, germ cells and stem cells contain large ribonucleoprotein granules. Although these particles were discovered more than 100 years ago, their assembly and functions are not well understood.

Effects of exercise timing on sleep architecture and nocturnal blood pressure in prehypertensives.

Background: During nocturnal sleep, blood pressure (BP) "dips" compared to diurnal BP, reducing stress on the cardiovascular system. Both the hypotensive response elicited by acute aerobic exercise and sleep quality can impact this dipping response.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise timing on circadian BP changes and sleep architecture.

Impact of obesity and Down syndrome on peak heart rate and aerobic capacity in youth and adults.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit reduced aerobic capacity with reduced peak heart rate (HR). This condition is often coexistent with higher level of obesity compared to individuals without DS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity and Down syndrome (DS) on peak heart rate (HR) and peak oxygen consumption (VO) in children and adults both with and without intellectual disabilities (ID)s.