Widespread iron-rich conditions in the mid-Proterozoic ocean.

The chemical composition of the ocean changed markedly with the oxidation of the Earth's surface, and this process has profoundly influenced the evolutionary and ecological history of life. The early Earth was characterized by a reducing ocean-atmosphere system, whereas the Phanerozoic eon (less than 542 million years ago) is known for a stable and oxygenated biosphere conducive to the radiation of animals. The redox characteristics of surface environments during Earth's middle age (1.

Comparison of MMPI-2 and PAI validity indicators to detect feigned depression and PTSD symptom reporting.

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical utility of PAI and MMPI-2 validity indicators to detect exaggeration of psychological symptoms. Participants were 49 (75.5% female) Australian university students who completed the MMPI-2 and PAI under one of three conditions: Control [i.

Building the affordable medical home.

Medical homes and accountable care organizations have become the great hope for many health industry stakeholders and policy makers seeking to reconstitute fragmented healthcare delivery within a coordinated cost-conscious framework. The need to increase coordination has been evident to analysts for many years and, in the past, has resulted in developments such as capitation and disease management. The hope of these reforms is that through changes in risk/reward to providers or by layering in external programs to improve patient coordination the system will improve patient outcomes and reduce total cost.

The Cerebrovascular Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CABS-R): the factor structure and psychometric properties of a tool for assessing stroke-related health beliefs.

Background: Worldwide stroke is serious problem and one that necessitates continued efforts towards prevention. The health belief model suggests that improvements in prevention will follow from incorporating strategies that change beliefs, but this approach relies on the availability of tools for measuring such change. The Cerebrovascular Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CABS-R) was developed to meet this need.

Developing a stroke intervention program: what do people at risk of stroke want?

Objective: There is currently little research examining what individuals who are at risk of a stroke want from an invention program. In order to increase the usefulness of such programs, qualitative research methods were used explore invention design issues such as factors affecting accessibility of programs and preferred health information sources.

Methods: Thirty people, each with at least one stroke risk factor, participated in one of eight focus groups.

A whiff of oxygen before the great oxidation event?

High-resolution chemostratigraphy reveals an episode of enrichment of the redox-sensitive transition metals molybdenum and rhenium in the late Archean Mount McRae Shale in Western Australia. Correlations with organic carbon indicate that these metals were derived from contemporaneous seawater. Rhenium/osmium geochronology demonstrates that the enrichment is a primary sedimentary feature dating to 2501 +/- 8 million years ago (Ma).

The nature and predictors of stroke knowledge amongst at risk elderly persons in Brisbane, Australia.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the nature, extent, and predictors of stroke knowledge amongst people at risk of stroke.

Method: A total of 273 questionnaires were distributed to three types of sites in metropolitan Brisbane (retirement villages, senior citizens and bowls clubs), and this strategy yielded a response rate of 37%. Of the surveys returned, 75 were retained in this study on the basis that: (a) participants met our criteria for being at risk of stroke (i.