Impact of baseline covariates on the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus virus-like-particle vaccine.

Background: The quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine was 95%-100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18. Vaccine efficacy is thought to be mediated by humoral immunity. Here, we analyze the effect of the baseline characteristics of subjects on vaccine-induced immune responses.

Induction of immune memory following administration of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine.

Background: The duration of protection afforded by vaccines represents a critical test of their utility as public health interventions. Some vaccines induce long-term immunity, while others require booster doses. Vaccines that induce long-term protection are usually characterized by the generation of immune memory.

Noninferiority of antibody response to human papillomavirus type 16 in subjects vaccinated with monovalent and quadrivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccines.

The incorporation of multiple antigens into a single human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may induce immune interference. To evaluate whether interference occurs when HPV type 16 (HPV16) virus-like particles are combined in a multivalent vaccine, we conducted a study to evaluate anti-HPV16 responses among subjects receiving three-dose regimens of either a monovalent HPV16 vaccine or a quadrivalent HPV (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine.