Voltage prediction of vanadium redox flow batteries from first principles.

Global energy demand has been increasing for decades, which has created a necessity for large scale energy storage solutions for renewable energy sources. We studied the voltage of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) with density functional theory (DFT) and a newly developed technique usingmolecular dynamics (AIMD). DFT was used to create cluster models to calculate the voltage of VRFBs.

The Effect of Cadence on the Mechanics and Energetics of Constant Power Cycling.

Unlabelled: At a constant power output, cyclists prefer to use a higher cadence than those that minimize metabolic cost. The neuromuscular mechanism underpinning the preferred higher cadence remains unclear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadence on joint level work and vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle mechanics while cycling at a constant, submaximal, power output.

The effect of muscle-tendon unit vs. fascicle analyses on vastus lateralis force-generating capacity during constant power output cycling with variable cadence.

The maximum force-generating capacity of a muscle is dependent on the lengths and velocities of its contractile apparatus. Muscle-tendon unit (MTU) length changes can be estimated from joint kinematics; however, contractile element length changes are more difficult to predict during dynamic contractions. The aim of this study was to compare vastus lateralis (VL) MTU and fascicle level force-length and force-velocity relationships, and dynamic muscle function while cycling at a constant submaximal power output (2.

In vivo fascicle length measurements via B-mode ultrasound imaging with single vs dual transducer arrangements.

Ultrasonography is a useful technique to study muscle contractions in vivo, however larger muscles like vastus lateralis may be difficult to visualise with smaller, commonly used transducers. Fascicle length is often estimated using linear trigonometry to extrapolate fascicle length to regions where the fascicle is not visible. However, this approach has not been compared to measurements made with a larger field of view for dynamic muscle contractions.

Acute neuromuscular and performance responses to Nordic hamstring exercises completed before or after football training.

The optimal scheduling of Nordic Hamstring exercises (NHEs) relative to football training sessions is unknown. We examined the acute neuromuscular and performance responses to NHE undertaken either before (BT) or after (AT) simulated football training. Twelve amateur players performed six sets of five repetitions of the NHE either before or after 60 min of standardised football-specific exercise (SAFT).

Hamstring Fatigue and Muscle Activation Changes During Six Sets of Nordic Hamstring Exercise in Amateur Soccer Players.

The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a bodyweight movement commonly prescribed to increase eccentric hamstring strength and reduce the incidence of strain injury in sport. This study examined hamstring fatigue and muscle activation responses throughout 6 sets of 5 repetitions of the NHE. Ten amateur-level soccer players performed a single session of 6 sets of 5 repetitions of NHE.

Muscle activation does not increase after a fatigue plateau is reached during 8 sets of resistance exercise in trained individuals.

The premise of eliciting the greatest acute fatigue is accepted and used for designing programs that include excessive, potentially dangerous volumes of high-intensity resistance exercise. There is no evidence examining acute fatigue and neuromuscular responses throughout multiple sets of moderate-to-high intensity resistance exercise. Fifteen resistance-trained male subjects performed a single exercise session using 8 sets of Bulgarian split squats performed at 75% maximal force output.

Metabolomic-derived novel cyst fluid biomarkers for pancreatic cysts: glucose and kynurenine.

Background: Better pancreatic cyst fluid biomarkers are needed.

Objective: To determine whether metabolomic profiling of pancreatic cyst fluid would yield clinically useful cyst fluid biomarkers.

Design: Retrospective study.