The impact of pediatric post-cardiac arrest care on survival: A multicenter review from the AHA get with the Guidelines®-resuscitation post-cardiac arrest care registry.

Aim: Adherence to post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) recommendations is associated with improved outcomes for adults. We aimed to describe the survival impact of meeting American Heart Association (AHA) PCAC guidelines in children after cardiac arrest.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using Get With The Guidelines® Resuscitation's (GWTG®-R) registry to describe the PCAC of patients ≤ 18 years old who suffered an in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA or OHCA).

Pilot Feasibility Study of Physical Activity to Manage Bowel Dysfunction in Survivors of Rectal Cancer.

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome can disrupt health-related quality of life for survivors of rectal cancer.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, satisfaction with, and benefit of a pilot telehealth physical activity counseling intervention for survivors of rectal cancer with low anterior resection syndrome.

Design: Single-site, single-arm prospective pre-postintervention pilot feasibility study.

A targeted strategic peer support intervention to increase adherence to video teletherapy exposure and response prevention treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a retrospective observational analysis.

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, is a first-line, evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for adults and children. It is effective for the majority of those who engage in it, but treatment adherence can be challenging for some due to the stress involved in the treatment as well as different life circumstances that arise. To help improve treatment adherence, NOCD, a provider of video teletherapy ERP, identifies those at risk of non-adherence using a prediction algorithm trained on a data set of  = 13,809 and provides targeted peer support interventions by individuals ("Member Advocates") who successfully completed ERP treatment for OCD.

A randomized prospective trial of an ostomy telehealth intervention for cancer survivors.

Background: Cancer survivors with ostomies face complex challenges. This study compared the Ostomy Self-Management Telehealth program (OSMT) versus attention control usual care (UC).

Methods: Three academic centers randomized participants.

Intimacy and survivors of cancer with ostomies: findings from the Ostomy Self-management Training trial.

Background: Many people with abdominal or pelvic cancers require an ostomy during surgical treatment, which can cause significant issues with physical and emotional intimacy in relationships.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of a telehealth-based education program on intimacy over time for survivors of cancer with ostomies.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of our multicenter randomized controlled trial to determine intimacy outcomes and to compare the effects of the Ostomy Self-management Training (OSMT) program vs usual care.

Central and peripheral α-synuclein in Parkinson disease detected by seed amplification assay.

Objectives: Detection of α-synuclein aggregates by seed amplification is a promising Parkinson disease biomarker assay. Understanding intraindividual relationships of α-synuclein measures could inform optimal biomarker development. The objectives were to test accuracy of α-synuclein seed amplification assay in central (cerebrospinal fluid) and peripheral (submandibular gland) sources, compare to total α-synuclein measures, and investigate within-subject relationships.

CT findings and outcomes of acute cholecystitis: is additional ultrasound necessary?

Background: While ultrasound is often the preferred imaging modality for suspected acute cholecystitis (AC), CT is often the first line study when patients are being evaluated for abdominal pain. The diagnostic value of CT in the setting of AC is controversial, given the prevalent use of additional imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of CT for diagnosing acute cholecystitis (AC) when used as a first line imaging study for evaluating abdominal pain and assess if additional imaging with ultrasound studies provides additional clinically useful information.

Risk factors for an advanced breast cancer diagnosis within 2 years of a negative mammogram.

Background: Identifying women at risk for advanced interval cancers would allow better targeting of mammography and supplemental screening. The authors assessed risk factors for advanced breast cancer within 2 years of a negative mammogram.

Methods: The authors included 293,520 negative mammograms performed from 2006 to 2015 among 74,736 women.

Correction: Propensity score matching in otolaryngologic literature: A systematic review and critical appraisal.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Propensity score matching in otolaryngologic literature: A systematic review and critical appraisal.

Background: Propensity score techniques can reduce confounding and bias in observational studies. Such analyses are able to measure and balance pre-determined covariates between treated and untreated groups, leading to results that can approximate those generated by randomized prospective studies when such trials are not feasible. The most commonly used propensity score -based analytic technique is propensity score matching (PSM).

Three-Dimensional Augmented Reality Visualization Informs Locoregional Therapy in a Translational Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of visualizing preprocedural MR images in 3-dimensional (3D) space using augmented reality (AR) before transarterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a preclinical model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 28 rats with diethylnitrosamine-induced HCCs > 5 mm treated with embolization were included in a prospective study. In 12 rats, 3D AR visualization of preprocedural MR images was performed before embolization.

Time to Clinical Response in the Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Study.

We investigated the time course of clinical response in the Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Study (TEOSS). TEOSS randomized 119 predominantly outpatient youth ages 8-19 years with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to 8 weeks of treatment with molindone, risperidone, or olanzapine. We used proportional hazards regression to determine whether these three antipsychotics differed in the time until clinical response, defined as the time from treatment initiation to the point of achieving a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale score of 1 ("very much improved") or 2 ("much improved") that was maintained until week 8.

Goals-of-Care Consultation Associated With Increased Hospice Enrollment Among Propensity-Matched Cohorts of Seriously Ill African American and White Patients.

Context: African Americans are less likely to receive hospice care and more likely to receive aggressive end-of-life care than whites. Little is known about how palliative care consultation (PCC) to discuss goals of care is associated with hospice enrollment by race.

Objectives: To compare enrollment in hospice at discharge between propensity-matched cohorts of African Americans with and without PCC and whites with and without PCC.

Goals-of-Care Consultations Are Associated with Lower Costs and Less Acute Care Use among Propensity-Matched Cohorts of African Americans and Whites with Serious Illness.

African Americans receive more aggressive end-of-life care than Whites. Little is known about how palliative care consultation to discuss goals-of-care ("PCC") is associated with acute care utilization and costs by race. To compare future acute care costs and utilization between propensity-matched cohorts of African Americans with and without PCC, and Whites with and without PCC.

Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight and obese men: A secondary analysis of energy expenditure and physical activity.

Background: A previously published pilot study assessed energy expenditure (EE) of participants with overweight and obesity after they were switched from a baseline high-carbohydrate diet (BD) to an isocaloric low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD). EE measured using metabolic chambers increased transiently by what was considered a relatively small extent after the switch to the KD, whereas EE measured using doubly labeled water (EEDLW) increased to a greater degree after the response in the chambers had waned. Using a publicly available dataset, we examined the effect of housing conditions on the magnitude of the increase in EEDLW after the switch to the KD and the role of physical activity in that response.

Relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time and pulmonary artery pressures in infants.

Background: Pulmonary artery acceleration time measured by echocardiography inversely correlates with pulmonary artery pressures in adults and children older than 1 year of age. There is a paucity of data investigating this relationship in young children, particularly among preterm infants.

Objective: To characterize the relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) and pulmonary artery pressures in infants.

Palliative Care Consultation for Goals of Care and Future Acute Care Costs: A Propensity-Matched Study.

Background: Hospitals are under increasing pressure to manage costs across multiple episodes of care. Most studies of the financial impact of palliative care have focused on costs during a single hospitalization.

Objective: To compare future acute health-care costs and utilization between patients who received inpatient palliative care consultation for goals of care (Palliative Care Service [PCS]) and a propensity-matched cohort of patients who did not receive palliative care consultation (non-PCS) in a single academic medical center.