Analysis of brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke.

Cerebral ischemia triggers a powerful inflammatory reaction involving peripheral leukocytes and brain resident cells that contribute to both tissue injury and repair. However, their dynamics and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these limitations, we performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of brain and blood cells 2 or 14 days after ischemic stroke in mice.

Squalene Peroxidation and Biophysical Parameters in Acne-Prone Skin: A Pilot "In Vivo" Study.

Nowadays, acne vulgaris therapies are often unsuccessful. One of the responsible factors for the formation of comedones and inflammatory lesions could be the peroxidation of squalene, a hydrocarbon representing one of the major components of human sebum. This peroxidation is increased by solar irradiation.

Meningeal interleukin-17-producing T cells mediate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension.

Hypertension (HTN), a disease afflicting over one billion individuals worldwide, is a leading cause of cognitive impairment, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In the present study, in a mouse model of HTN, we find that the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction depends on interleukin (IL)-17, a cytokine elevated in individuals with HTN. However, neither circulating IL-17 nor brain angiotensin signaling can account for the dysfunction.

Brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke.

Cerebral ischemia triggers a powerful inflammatory reaction involving both peripheral leukocytes and brain resident cells. Recent evidence indicates that their differentiation into a variety of functional phenotypes contributes to both tissue injury and repair. However, the temporal dynamics and diversity of post-stroke immune cell subsets remain poorly understood.

Prevention and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Relapse after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the only curative option. Progress has been made in the last two decades in the pre-transplant induction therapies, supportive care, selection of donors and conditioning regimens that allowed to extend the HSCT to a larger number of patients, including those aged over 65 years and/or lacking an HLA-identical donor. Furthermore, improvements in the prophylaxis of the graft-versus-host disease and of infection have dramatically reduced transplant-related mortality.

Venetoclax penetrates in cerebrospinal fluid of an acute myeloid leukemia patient with leptomeningeal involvement.

Relapse at the central nervous system (CNS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries a dismal prognosis. Treatment options are limited to intrathecal therapy, high-dose cytarabine, high-dose methotrexate, and radiotherapy. Novel strategies are needed.

Role of microglial and endothelial CD36 in post-ischemic inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β-induced endothelial activation.

Cerebral ischemia is associated with an acute inflammatory response that contributes to the resulting injury. The innate immunity receptor CD36, expressed in microglia and endothelium, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are involved in the mechanisms of ischemic injury. Since CD36 has been implicated in activation of the inflammasome, the main source of IL-1β, we investigated whether CD36 mediates brain injury through the inflammasome and IL-1β.

Prepubertal and adult male rats differ in the degree and pattern of stress reactive neurons in brain regions that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

The hormonal stress response, mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, shows greater responsiveness to various stressors in prepubertal compared to adult animals. Though the implications of this age-related change are unclear, this heightened reactivity might contribute to the increase in stress-related dysfunctions observed during adolescence. Interestingly, prepubertal animals show greater stress-induced neural activation compared to adults in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the area responsible for initiating the hormonal stress response.

Age-dependent changes in hormonal stress reactivity following repeated restraint stress throughout adolescence in male rats.

Stress-related psychological dysfunctions show a marked increase during adolescence, yet the mechanisms that mediate these vulnerabilities are unknown. Notably, however, adolescence is associated with changes in hormonal stress reactivity mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which might contribute to these dysfunctions. Specifically, pre-adolescent animals display prolonged stress-induced HPA responses compared to adults.

Low content of clonogenic progenitors on day+18 is associated with acute graft-versus-host disease and predicts transplant-related mortality.

A marrow reaction associated with acute-graft-versus-host disease (a-GVHD) has been demonstrated in experimental models; its existence in human transplantation is controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonogenic marrow precursors are an early marker for a-GVHD and transplant-related mortality (TRM). We prospectively studied 133 patients for colony-forming units-granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM) at day +18/+19 posttransplantation.

Plerixafor on-demand in association with low-dose cyclophosphamide and G-CSF in the mobilization of patients with multiple myeloma: High effectiveness, low toxicity, and affordable cost.

In CD34+ cells mobilization of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the use of Cyclophosphamide (CTX) at a dose of 2 g/m has low efficacy although also lower toxicity. The suboptimal mobilizing effect of low-dose CTX, however, may be overcome by plerixafor (PLX) on demand. We conducted a prospective multicenter study in 138 patients with MM to evaluate CTX 2 g/m in association with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and on-demand PLX.

A patients' view of OA: the Global Osteoarthritis Patient Perception Survey (GOAPPS), a pilot study.

Background: Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) is the third condition associated with disability. There is still poor treatment in OA but science holds the key to finding better treatments and a cure. It is essential to learn what's important to patients from them to implement the most effective OA management.

The invisible intersectionality of female gender in Thailand's response to the HIV epidemic.

This article uses feminist perspectives to analyse Thailand's response to the HIV epidemic from its inception in 1984 until today. In particular, it applies the WHO Gender Responsiveness Assessment Scale to explain how and to what degree gender considerations have been integrated into successive HIV policies and programmes. Findings show that, from 1984 to 1996, HIV prevention policies were generally insensitive to gender and only started to pay limited attention to women's needs between 1997 and 2011.

Sexual and reproductive health and rights for all in Southeast Asia: more than SDGs aspirations.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the proclaimed vision of leaving no one behind are lauded for their transformative potential in redressing inequalities. Yet, too few are interrogations of the root causes and underpinning structures that keep uneven development in place. This paper reflects on this omission in relation to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) drawing on over three decades of professional experience in advancing SRHR enriched by literature sources.

Towards a comprehensive narrative and response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia.

The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. This short commentary highlight our potential contribution based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change.

Electromagnetic distal targeting system does not reduce the overall operative time of the intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the use of the electromagnetic distal targeting system in treating humeral shaft fracture.

Methods: Patients were divided in: Group 1) patients that received a distal locking screw placement following the free-hand technique; Group 2) patients in which the distal locking screw was performed using the SURESHOT device.

Results: No differences were noted comparing Group 1 (freehand) [71,9 range 40-135 min] to Group 2 (SURESHOT)[70, range 25-125 min].

Privacy Issues in Smartphone Applications: An Analysis of Headache/Migraine Applications.

Background: Headache diaries are a mainstay of migraine management. While many commercial smartphone applications (apps) have been developed for people with migraine, little is known about how well these apps protect patient information and whether they are secure to use.

Objective: We sought to assess whether there are privacy issues surrounding apps so that physicians and patients could better understand what medical information patients are providing to the app companies, and the potential privacy implications of how the app companies (and other third parties) might use that information.

Use of the supercapsular percutaneously assisted total hip approach for femoral neck fractures: surgical technique and case series.

Background: Femoral neck fractures are common injuries in the geriatric population associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Studies have shown outcomes can be positively influenced by early postoperative mobilization. The supercapsular percutaneously assisted total hip (SuperPath) surgical technique has been shown to lead to early mobilization for osteoarthritic total hip replacement patients and as such has the potential to provide similar benefits in fracture patients.

Antioxidant activity of four color fractions of bee pollen from Mérida, Venezuela.

Bee pollen has been reported to show antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; contributing to anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties. Venezuelan honeybee pollen has been little studied, but is consumed because its properties are known from other countries reports. On the basis of these reports, water, ethanol and methanol soluble fractions were prepared from dried bee-pollen commercially available and produced by La Montaña farm (Mérida, Venezuela).

Caught between social and market considerations: a case study of Muhammadiyah charitable health services.

A case study of Muhammadiyah's Islamic charitable health services in the islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, was undertaken in 2008, to assess the impact of privatization of health care on this socially-oriented service provider, especially in terms of access for the poor. Findings presented here relate primarily to the effects on Muhammadiyah's maternal and child health and contraceptive services. In order to survive and thrive amidst private and public competitors, Muhammadiyah's primary care units, mostly consisting of maternal and child health centres and maternity clinics, when not closed altogether, have been directed toward providing curative hospital services, and more expensive and sometimes unnecessary treatment.

Diagnostic workup of urinary tract infections within the first 24 months of life, in the era of prenatal diagnosis. The contribution of different imaging techniques to clinical management.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of different techniques in the diagnostic workup of children with negative prenatal ultrasonogram, referred for urinary tract infection (UTI) within the first 24 months.

Methods: One-hundred and forty-seven patients, 71 males/76 females were studied. All patients were submitted to renal ultrasonogram (RUS) and to micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) independently from the results of RUS.