Meta-Transcriptomic Analysis Uncovers the Presence of Four Novel Viruses and Multiple Known Virus Genera in a Single Plant in Colombia.

Hibiscus is not native to Colombia but well suited to its arid soil and dry climates. A single hibiscus plant from Risaralda, showing black spots on upper and lower sides of its leaves, was collected for virome analysis using meta-transcriptomic high-throughput sequencing technology. Bioinformatic analysis identified 12.

Go west: Population genomics reveals unexpected population fluctuations and little gene flow in Western hemisphere populations of the predatory lady beetle, .

-the convergent lady beetle, has been used extensively in augmentative biological control of aphids, thrips, and whiteflies across its native range in North America, and was introduced into South America in the 1950s. Overwintering .  populations from its native western range in the United States are commercially collected and released across its current range in the eastern USA, with little knowledge of the effectiveness of its augmentative biological control.

Genetic Analysis of the Emerging Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus Reveals a Divergent Virus Population in American Isolates.

is a previously reported citrus virus from Asia with widespread distribution in China. In 2022, the California Department of Food and Agriculture conducted a multipest citrus survey targeting multiple citrus pathogens including citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV). In March 2022, a lemon tree with symptoms of vein clearing, chlorosis, and mottling in a private garden in the city of Tulare, California, tested positive for CYVCV, which triggered an intensive survey in the surrounding areas.

First Report of Narcissus late season yellows virus, Narcissus latent virus, and Narcissus mosaic virus in daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) in the United States.

Daffodils (family , genus ) are important ornamental plants produced primarily for cut flowers. In 2019, daffodils sales in the US were $6.26 M (USDA-NASS, 2019).

High-throughput sequencing application in the detection and discovery of viruses associated with the regulated citrus leprosis disease complex.

Citrus leprosis (CiL) is one of the destructive emerging viral diseases of citrus in the Americas. Leprosis syndrome is associated with two taxonomically distinct groups of -transmitted viruses (BTVs), that consist of positive-sense , , and negative-sense . The localized CiL symptoms observed in multiple citrus species and other alternate hosts indicates that these viruses might have originated from the mites and eventually adopted citrus as a secondary host.

Comparative Analysis of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Isolates Shows Limited Genetic Diversity.

Tomato is an important vegetable in the United States and around the world. Recently, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), an emerging tobamovirus, has impacted tomato crops worldwide and can result in fruit loss. ToBRFV causes severe symptoms, such as mosaic, puckering, and necrotic lesions on leaves; other symptoms include brown rugose and marbling on fruits.

First report of Passion fruit green spot virus in yellow Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) in Casanare, Colombia.

Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passionflower native to South America. In Colombia, yellow passion fruit (P. edulis f.

First report of the hibiscus strain of citrus leprosis virus C2 infecting passionfruit (Passiflora edulis).

In Hawaii, passionfruit (Passiflora edulis; Passifloraceae) is grown primarily in residential properties and community gardens (CG). In 2019, passionfruit plants displaying chlorotic spots on young leaves, and green spots in senescing leaves were observed at two CG in Honolulu. Symptoms resembled those of passionfruit green spot virus (PfGSV) infection in Passiflora spp.

Smilax auriculata: A new host for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus identified in Florida, USA.

In June 2020, Orchid fleck virus (OFV) was detected in a species of Liriope in Leon and Alachua County, Florida (Fife et al; 2021). In October of the same year, four adjacent dune/ear-leaf greenbrier vines, Smilax auriculata (Smilaceae: Liliales), showed yellowing and mottling symptoms (Figure 1). Infected and healthy S.

First report of orchid fleck virus associated with citrus leprosis symptoms in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) and mandarin (C. reticulata) the United States.

Citrus leprosis is an economically important disease of citrus in South and Central America. The disease can be caused by several non-systemic viruses belonging to the genera Cilevirus (family Kitaviridae) and Dichorhavirus (family Rhabdoviridae) (Roy et al. 2015; Freitas-Astúa et al.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Isolated in the United States.

The complete genome sequence of a U.S. isolate of a (ToBRFV) (CA18-01) was obtained through Illumina and MinION sequencing.

Mutations in a Novel Cadherin Gene Associated with Bt Resistance in .

Transgenic corn and cotton produce crystalline (Cry) proteins derived from the soil bacterium (Bt) that are toxic to lepidopteran larvae. , a key pest of corn and cotton in the U.S.

Genome Resource for the Huanglongbing Causal Agent ' Liberibacter asiaticus' Strain AHCA17 from Citrus Root Tissue in California, USA.

' Liberibacter asiaticus' is the unculturable causative agent of citrus huanglongbing disease. Here, we report the first citrus root metagenome sequence containing the draft genome of ' L. asiaticus' strain AHCA17, obtained from a pummelo tree in California.

SureSelect targeted enrichment, a new cost effective method for the whole genome sequencing of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a worldwide deadly citrus disease caused by the phloem-limited bacteria 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) vectored by Asian citrus psyllids. In order to effectively manage this disease, it is crucial to understand the relationship among the bacterial isolates from different geographical locations. Whole genome sequencing approaches will provide more precise molecular characterization of the diversity among populations.

Estimation of contemporary effective population size and population declines using RAD sequence data.

Large genomic data sets generated with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), in combination with demographic inference methods, are improving our ability to gain insights into the population history of species. We used a simulation approach to examine the potential for RADseq data sets to accurately estimate effective population size (N ) over the course of stable and declining population trends, and we compare the ability of two methods of analysis to accurately distinguish stable from steadily declining populations over a contemporary time scale (20 generations). Using a linkage disequilibrium-based analysis, individual sampling (i.

Genomic data detect corresponding signatures of population size change on an ecological time scale in two salamander species.

Understanding the demography of species over recent history (e.g. <100 years) is critical in studies of ecology and evolution, but records of population history are rarely available.

Patterns of amphibian infection prevalence across wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA.

Amphibian diseases, such as chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranaviral disease caused by ranaviruses, are often linked to global amphibian population declines, yet the ecological dynamics of both pathogens are poorly understood. The goal of our study was to determine the baseline prevalence, pathogen loads, and co-infection rate of Bd and ranavirus across the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina, USA, a region with rich amphibian diversity and a history of amphibian-based research. We tested over 1000 individuals, encompassing 21 amphibian species from 11 wetlands for both Bd and ranavirus.

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the endangered scrub lupine, Lupinus aridorum (Fabaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed in scrub lupine (Lupinus aridorum, Fabaceae), an endemic species to Florida that is listed as endangered in the United States, to assess connectivity among populations, identify hybrids, and examine genetic diversity.

Methods And Results: We isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci polymorphic in scrub lupine or in closely related species (i.e.

32 species validation of a new Illumina paired-end approach for the development of microsatellites.

Development and optimization of novel species-specific microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) remains an important step for studies in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Numerous approaches exist for identifying new SSRs that vary widely in terms of both time and cost investments. A recent approach of using paired-end Illumina sequence data in conjunction with the bioinformatics pipeline, PAL_FINDER, has the potential to substantially reduce the cost and labor investment while also improving efficiency.

Characterization of 42 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae) using Illumina sequencing.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae), a herbaceous wetland perennial, to facilitate studies of mating patterns and population genetic structure. •

Methods And Results: A total of 42 polymorphic loci were identified from a sample of 24 individuals from a single population in Ohio, USA. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine, and median observed heterozygosity was 0.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Berberis thunbergii (Berberidaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in Berberis thunbergii, an invasive and ornamental shrub in the eastern United States, to assess genetic diversity among populations and potentially identify horticultural cultivars.

Methods And Results: A total of 12 loci were identified for the species. Eight of the loci were polymorphic and were screened in 24 individuals from two native (Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures, Japan) and one invasive (Connecticut, USA) population and 21 horticultural cultivars.