Recruitment and retention strategies in clinical studies with low-income and minority populations: Progress from 2004-2014.

More than 20years have passed since the NIH 1993 Act was initiated, and while progress has been made toward better representation of minorities and women in clinical research studies, as this review will show, there is still tremendous room for improvement. The purpose of this review was to identify the current state of literature on recruitment and retention strategies in clinical studies of low-income and minority populations. We identified 165 studies published in English between 2004 and 2014.

An evaluation of mother-centered anticipatory guidance to reduce obesogenic infant feeding behaviors.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 2 anticipatory guidance styles (maternal focused [MOMS] and infant focused [Ounce of Prevention]) directed at mothers of infants aged newborn to 6 months on their infant feeding behaviors at 1 year compared with routine advice as outlined in Bright Futures (BF).

Methods: This is a cluster randomized trial. A total of 292 mother/infant dyads were enrolled at their first well-child visit to 3 urban pediatric clinics in Columbus, Ohio.

Recruitment and retention strategies in longitudinal clinical studies with low-income populations.

Background: Conducting longitudinal research studies with low-income and/or minority participants present a unique set of challenges and opportunities.

Purpose: To outline the specific strategies employed to successfully recruit and retain participants in a longitudinal study of nutritional anticipatory guidance during early childhood, conducted with a low-income, ethnically diverse, urban population of mothers.

Methods: We describe recruitment and retention efforts made by the research team for the 'MOMS' Study (Making Our Mealtimes Special).

Cancer risk and risk communication in urban, lower-income neighborhoods.

Objectives: Family history of cancer is an important risk factor for the disease, and communicating with family and physicians about family history is critical to cancer risk assessment. This study examined cancer risk communication with family and physicians.

Methods: A telephone interview was administered to randomly selected participants (n=217) from 5 urban, lower-income communities in 2006 and 2007.

Anticipatory guidance for prevention of childhood obesity: design of the MOMS project.

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States has increased by more than 100% since 1971. Primary care clinicians have a unique opportunity to influence child health during the first year of life via anticipatory guidance (AG). However, little is known about whether AG regarding feeding and meal structure is effective in promoting optimal nutrition and eating behaviors.

Lessons learned while developing a cancer family history campaign in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area.

This paper discusses the lessons learned by our collaborative, transdisciplinary team while developing a pilot/demonstration educational health campaign geared toward underserved communities in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The objective of the current study was to determine the feasibility of a campaign to raise awareness of the association between family history and cancer risk and to inform individuals of the availability of Jameslink, an online familial cancer risk assessment tool. The research team included members of The Ohio State University Primary Care Research Institute, which includes a unique combination of expertise in Genetics, Behavioral Science, Social and Health Psychology, Communication, Medicine, and Methodology.

The relationship between caregiver burden and TBI survivors' cognition and functional ability after discharge.

This exploratory correlational clinical study examines the relationship between reported caregiver burden (as measured by the Burden Interview) and cognition and functional ability (as measured by the Functional Independence Measure instrument) of people who had experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of the research was to explore the impact of cognition and functional ability in adults with TBI on perceived caregiver burden. Forty-two subjects with TBI and their caregivers were studied during the follow-up clinic appointment 3 months after discharge from a 31-bed inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Spousal caregivers' burden: impact of care recipient health problems and mental status.

1. Caregiver burden is a three-dimensional concept. It reflects the impact of caregiving on interpersonal relationships; expressions of caregiver anxiety; and the personal impact of the caregiver role.

Guidelines for reporting innovations in computer-based information systems for nursing.

Inconsistent, incomplete reporting of computer applications in nursing is a barrier to building a knowledge base in the field. Progress in building this knowledge base might be accelerated if system developers could use the available literature to build upon work previously done and to profit from lessons already learned. This article presents guidelines for developing articles and reports on computer applications in nursing.

Computers in nursing practice. A comparison of the attitudes of nurses and nursing students.

This study was undertaken to compare the attitudes of nurses and nursing students toward computer use in nursing practice and to clarify factors that influence these attitudes. Three factors within the student sample were examined: changes over time, prior experience with computers, and attitudes toward technology in general. Second, the attitudes of the nursing students were compared with those of a sample of practicing nurses.

Use of water pillows in reducing head shape distortion in preterm infants.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a water-pillow treatment in reducing bilateral head flattening of preterm infants. The subjects were 21 healthy infants of less than 36 weeks gestational+ age. Care of the experimental babies included supporting the head on a small water pillow and supporting the torso at the same level to avoid flexion or curvature of the spine; the control group received customary care.

Microcomputers in a clinical nursing research program.

This article describes a model for a clinical nursing research program in a community hospital, some of the support roles that microcomputers can play in such a program, and some example studies conducted by nurse researchers with use of microcomputers.

Direct sibling contact and bacterial colonization in newborns.

A two-phase, experimental study tested the hypothesis that no significant association exists between direct sibling contact and the bacterial colonization rates of neonates during their initial hospital stay. In Phase I, 44 infants were randomly assigned to experimental (N = 23) and control (N = 21) groups. Infants in the experimental group had direct contact with an older sibling who had been screened for communicable diseases; infants in the control group did not.

Intra-aortic balloon pumping and stress in the coronary care unit.

This study compared the perceptions of psychological stress experienced by patients on the IABP with that of other patients in the CCU. During 13 weeks, structured interviews were conducted with 17 male and 10 female patients: Seven were treated with the IABP; 10 were not on the pump but were present during its use; and 10 were neither on the pump nor in physical proximity to it. To measure psychological stress, each patient responded to a list of 20 potentially stressful situations using a stress rating scale.