Rat gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow during restraint stress--effect of a low dose metiamide.

In rats under either mild stress (= controls) or severe stress (= restraint) gastric secretion (acid; pepsin, volume), mucosal blood flow, serum gastrin and ulcer formation were evaluated without and with additional infusion of a low dose (0.25 mg/kg.h) metiamide over an 8 h experimental period.

Anti-stress ulcer and anti-secretory effect of somatostatin in rats -- failure to suppress serum gastrin.

In rats the influence of arresting free motions (= controls; mild stress) and of restraint (= severe stress) without and with additional somatostatin (SRIF) on gastric secretion, mucosal microcirculation and stress ulcer formation was studied. Severe stress alone reduces volume, acid and pepsin secretion, acid concentration, aminopyrine clearance and ratio. The ulcer index is elevated.

[Evaluation of H2 receptor blockade with metiamide in stress ulcers in rats].

Restrain stress in rats inhibits gastric secretion and microcirculation. Secretion is further inhibited by metiamide, but mucosal blood flow is restored to normal. During stress the ulcer incidence is high, lower with prophylactic administration of metiamide and least with the latter and preserved gastroduodenal acid transit.

Urinary sodium and calcium in various dog models and relationship to endogenous plasma glucagon.

Clearance studies were performed in 23 dogs undergoing extracellular volume (ECV) expansion by saline in order to evaluate relationship between endogenous glucagon and renal excretion of sodium and calcium. In control animals plasma glucagon (pG1) rose following 120 minutes of ECV expansion and was further increased by additional infusion of arginine. In pancreatectomised dogs ECV expansion failed to increase pG1.

Rat gastric mucosal oxygen tension, ulcer index, plasma gastrin and glucagon following restraint stress. Influence of vagotomy, splanchnicotomy and exogenous secretin.

Restraint stress ulcers in rats were developed and procedures evaluated designed at preservation of intact gastric microcirculation (pO2). Neither prior truncal vagotomy, splanchnicotomy nor combined dissection of abdominal autonomic nerves were effective in preventing the stress mediated fall of mucosal pO2 and the rise in plasma glucagon. The ulcer index remained elevated and gastrin essentially was unchanged.

Fasting urine excretion of magnesium, calcium, and sodium in patients with renal calcium stones.

Urine excretion of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sodium(Na) was studied in patients with renal Ca stones having normal kidney function (n= 60), and in matched controls (n= 60), on a free diet following an overnight fasting period. In some formers, Mg was lower than in normals, whereas Ca was unusually high resulting in a significantly higher molar Ca/Mg ratio (p less than 0.001).

[Calcium in the prevention of stress ulcer in the rat].

Calcium gluconate, carbonate, and lactate are potent antiulcerogenic agents when administered intragastrically at pH 6.3 by sustained infusion (45 mg/kg/8 h). In intact rats, by radioimmunologically measurable serum, gastrin and calcitonin are inversely correlated, whereas gastrin and ulcer index tend to correlate directly.

Urinary thyroxine in rats fed various diets and in renal calcium stone-forming patients.

In rats fed with various diets as regard contents of magnesium, cholesterin, neutral fat, carbohydrates and proteins, urinary thyroxine (U-T4) appears low in general when compared with control chow, whereas renal calcifications and stones are absent only with the latter and the carbohydrate-rich diet. Normalization of U-T4 is hampered by differences in urinary creatinine excretion and in individual weight gain. In male renal calcium stone patients (20--40 years) U-T4 also is lower than in age-matched controls, but in other groups no abnormality could be detected.

Ultrafiltrable uric acid in serum of healthy humans and patients with renal calcium lithiasis.

Ultrafiltrable serum uric acid (u.a.) was determined by ultrafiltration under in vivo conditions in humans using a reliable technique described in detail.

Fasting uric acid and phosphate in urine and plasma of renal calcium-stone formers.

Clearance experiments in calcium-stone patients (n = 60) and controls (n = 60) demonstrated significantly higher urinary uric acid (UA) in younger (less 40 years) stone patients than controls (median: 480 vs. 351 mug/min) but not in older (greater than 40 years) patients. Serum UA and urinary oxypurines were comparable in health and stone disease.

[Pancreatic islets, plasma glucagon and renal calcification in rats fed various diets. Results of a pilot study (author's transl)].

Rats fed abnormally composed isocaloric diets during 21 days (low magnesium, atherogenous, high in proteins or carbohydrates) develop a mean increase in total number of pancreatic A cells, a significant increase of A/B ratio (atherogenous), and hyperglucagonemia in most of the groups under study. Histologic examination reveals calcification most marked in animals under low magnesium and atherogenous diets. They are only scarce following high protein diet; a normal or carbohydrate rich diet nullifies this phenomenon.

Studies on the calcemic effect of intravenous secretin in humans.

In healthy controls (n = 7), patients with duodenal ulcer (n = 7), primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 7), and 1 case of excluded gastric antrum the effects of intravenous secretin ("Karolinska"; 3 U/kg/h for 90 min) upon serum calcium fractions, total protein, and the integrated response of gastrin and glucagon were investigated. In all groups total calcium, total protein, and protein-bound calcium fraction rose significantly but the inonized calcium fraction remained stable. Since serum concentration of gastrin and glucagon could not be altered in any of the groups a direct interference of these hormones with calcium homeostasis during secretin infusion can be ruled out.