Publications by authors named "Schwarz J"

Aim: Different access routes to inpatient-equivalent home treatment (IEHT) were examined.

Methods: Baseline differences were examined using exploratory group comparisons, treatment effects by type of admission using regression analysis.

Results: Of 200 StäB users, 144 (72%) were admitted directly to IEHT, while 56 (28%) were transferred.

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Carbonaceous aerosols (CA), composed of black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), significantly impact the climate. Light absorption properties of CA, particularly of BC and brown carbon (BrC), are crucial due to their contribution to global and regional warming. We present the absorption properties of BC (b) and BrC (b) inferred using Aethalometer data from 44 European sites covering different environments (traffic (TR), urban (UB), suburban (SUB), regional background (RB) and mountain (M)).

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KCNQ1 potassium channels play a pivotal role in the physiology and pathophysiology of several human excitable and epithelial tissues. The latest cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures provide unique insights into channel function and pharmacology, opening avenues for different therapeutic strategies against human diseases associated with KCNQ1 mutations. However, these structures also raise fundamental questions about the mechanisms of ion permeation.

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Fructose consumption has increased considerably over the past five decades, largely due to the widespread use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener. It has been proposed that fructose promotes the growth of some tumours directly by serving as a fuel. Here we show that fructose supplementation enhances tumour growth in animal models of melanoma, breast cancer and cervical cancer without causing weight gain or insulin resistance.

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Many young mammals exhibit a characteristic 'transport response' upon being picked up by their mother. New research reveals the specific tactile mechanisms and afferents underlying this critical early-life response in rat pups.

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Objectives: This article describe trends in the incidence and mortality of cervical (CC) and anal (AC) cancers by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to construct a cohort of CC and AC cases from 2006 to 2018. Incidence rates and survival were calculated by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES).

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Understanding user challenges with light dosimeters is crucial for designing more acceptable devices and advancing light exposure research. We systematically evaluated the usability and acceptability of a light dosimeter (lido) with 29 participants who wore the dosimeter near the corneal plane of the eye for 5 days. Common reasons for not wearing the dosimeter included exercise, recharging, wet environments, public places, and discomfort.

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Importance: Home treatment (HT) has been associated with fewer inpatient treatment (IT) readmission days but lacks evidence on reducing combined psychiatric hospital service use (IT, HT, day clinic).

Objective: To assess the association of intensive home treatment (IHT) compared with IT regarding readmission rate, social outcomes, and clinical outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This quasi-experimental, nonrandomized trial was conducted from 2020 to 2022 in 10 psychiatric hospitals in Germany.

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Aging is associated with a number of physiologic changes including perturbed circadian rhythms; however, mechanisms by which rhythms are altered remain unknown. To test the idea that circulating factors mediate age-dependent changes in peripheral rhythms, we compared the ability of human serum from young and old individuals to synchronize circadian rhythms in culture. We collected blood from apparently healthy young (age 25-30) and old (age 70-76) individuals at 14:00 and used the serum to synchronize cultured fibroblasts.

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We envision "AI scientists" as systems capable of skeptical learning and reasoning that empower biomedical research through collaborative agents that integrate AI models and biomedical tools with experimental platforms. Rather than taking humans out of the discovery process, biomedical AI agents combine human creativity and expertise with AI's ability to analyze large datasets, navigate hypothesis spaces, and execute repetitive tasks. AI agents are poised to be proficient in various tasks, planning discovery workflows and performing self-assessment to identify and mitigate gaps in their knowledge.

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To improve the performance of valves in relation to the leakage rate, a comprehensive evaluation of the valve characteristics and behavior during pressure exposure is important. Often, these low gas flow rates below 0.1 cm/min cannot be accurately measured with conventional flow sensors.

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The study investigated gender bias in GPT-4's assessment of coronary artery disease risk by presenting identical clinical vignettes of men and women with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Results suggest that psychiatric conditions may influence GPT-4's coronary artery disease risk assessment among men and women.

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Aim: Inpatient-Equivalent Home Treatment (IEHT) for mental health is new in Germany and therefore requires quality development. A best practice model (BPM) for IEHT is being developed from a service user perspective.

Methods: 1.

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Article Synopsis
  • Potassium channels play a crucial role in stabilizing resting potential and neuronal excitability, with the erg subfamily including erg1, erg2, and erg3 being particularly significant.
  • Researchers created knockout mice to investigate the distinct functions of erg1 and erg3 channels, discovering that erg3 stabilizes the resting potential and reduces spontaneous neuronal activity, especially in certain brain cells.
  • The absence of erg3 channels led to heightened neuronal excitability and resulted in depressive-like behaviors, such as decreased activity and digging, although it did not affect learning and memory capabilities.
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To what extent and how post-transcriptional dysregulation affects aging proteome remains unclear. Here, we provide proteomic data of whole-tissue lysates (WTL) and low-solubility protein-enriched fractions (LSF) of major tissues collected from mice of 6, 15, 24, and 30 months of age. Low-solubility proteins are preferentially affected by age and the analysis of LSF doubles the number of proteins identified to be differentially expressed with age.

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1.5 per 1000 live births, leaving affected children with long-term motor and cognitive deficits. Few animal models of HIE incorporate maternal immune activation (MIA) despite the significant risk MIA poses to HIE incidence and diagnosis.

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Background: In an increasing number of countries, patients are given online record access (ORA) to their clinical notes ("open notes"). In many places, psychotherapy notes are exempt, even if patients explicitly wish to read them. Previous research suggests that psychotherapists (PTs) have reservations that are not yet fully understood.

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Recent advances in endoscopic technology have allowed detailed observation of the gastric mucosa, including Raman microscopy and spectroscopy. To explore the possibilities for future diagnostic use, we discuss the measurements and molecular markers found in this tissue. The Raman spectra of 16 samples of antral mucosa and 16 samples of corpus gastric mucosa obtained from healthy donors were analysed.

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Butyl octyl magnesium solutions are important raw materials in various chemical processes but suffer from their high reactivity with even traces of water, protic solvents or oxygen and an increased viscosity in hydrocarbon solution due to the formation of polymeric structures. N,N-diphenylacenaphthylene-1,2-diimines (BIANs) have already been identified as potential candidates to reduce the viscosity of alkyl magnesium solutions and this study provides a systematic insight into the dependence of this ability on the position and structures of substituents on the BIAN. Besides the various BIANs, ZnCl complexes and hydrogenated derivatives were characterized and tested for their ability to reduce the viscosity.

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Cross-sections of cell shapes in a tissue monolayer typically resemble a tiling of convex polygons. Yet, examples exist where the polygons are not convex with curved cell-cell interfaces, as seen in the adaxial epidermis. To date, two-dimensional vertex models predicting the structure and mechanics of cell monolayers have been mostly limited to convex polygons.

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Article Synopsis
  • The hypothalamus in mammals regulates key survival and reproductive functions and has distinct interconnected sub-regions whose spatial organization is still not fully understood.
  • One hypothesis is that the structural connectivity of these sub-regions allows for efficient functioning by placing well-connected areas closer together, minimizing the distance for axonal signals.
  • Research using data from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas shows that while the overall distances between these sub-regions aren't minimized, factoring in connectivity reveals that the hypothalamus is highly efficient, ranking in the top 94th percentile for neural efficiency compared to random configurations.
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Biologists have the capability to edit a genome at the nanometer scale and then observe whether or not the edit affects the structure of a developing organ or organism at the centimeter scale. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving this emergent phenomenon from a multiscale perspective remains incomplete. This review focuses predominantly on recent experimental developments in uncovering the mechanical interplay between the chromatin and cell scale since mechanics plays a major role in determining nuclear, cellular, and tissue structure.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to investigate blood glucose outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) who have pre-diabetes and are starting treatment with dolutegravir compared to those with normal glucose levels.
  • Researchers conducted a matched cohort study with 44 PWH with pre-diabetes and 88 with normal glucose, measuring changes in fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels at various points over 48 weeks.
  • Results showed that while those with normal glucose experienced an increase in fasting blood glucose, those with pre-diabetes saw a significant decrease, indicating improvement in glucose metrics, questioning the need for intensive glucose monitoring in the initial months of dolutegravir treatment.
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